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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama (abbr. Pandita Chen.po, ‘Great Teacher’). Holder of the Tibetan Buddhist monastic throne of Tashilhunpo in Shigatse, the religious nature of which has become inseparable from Sino-Tibetan political history. The office had been established by the third Dalai Lama as a position attainable by merit, until the Great Fifth Dalai Lama—who had become close to his contemporary Panchen Lama (Chokyi Gyaltsen, 1570–1662) who was also his tutor—predicted that the throne would be retained by reincarnation, from which time Chokyi Gyaltsen has been considered the ‘first’ Panchen Lama. In 1944 the seventh Panchen Lama, Chokyi Gyaltsen (whom the Chinese reckon as the tenth, thus increasing his status), was declared by the Chinese to have been discovered in China. It was not until 1951 that Chokyi Gyaltsen was recognized by the Tibetans, and only then as part of the seventeen-point agreement (signed with false Tibetan seals by a deserter and collaborator, Ngapo Ngawang Jigne, who held office in the Chinese government) forced on them after the 1950 invasion while the Dalai Lama was in exile. ‘Discovered’ by the Chinese, brought up in China, and given a Chinese education, Chokyi Gyaltsen toed the Chinese line until, in 1960, his seat at Tashilhunpo was ransacked and his entire corpus of 4,000 monks was either executed or sent to labour camps. In 1964, in a speech to 10,000 citizens of Lhasa, he asserted Tibet's right to independence. He was imprisoned, released in 1978, until, in 1988, at a speech in Tashilhunpo, he declared that ‘the detriments of Chinese rule in Tibet outweighed the benefits’. Three days later he suffered a fatal heart attack. The search for the Panchen Lama's reincarnation was then set in motion, and in 1995 the Dalai Lama recognized him in a 6-year-old boy, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima. The Chinese authorities refused to recognize him. They held their own procedures at Jokhang at the end of 1995, producing a 5-year-old boy, Gyancain/Gyaltsen Norbu.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Panchen Lama." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Panchen Lama." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-PanchenLama.html JOHN BOWKER. "Panchen Lama." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-PanchenLama.html |
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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama (Tib., Paṇ-chen bla-ma). An honorific title first conferred upon Losang Chökyi Gyel-tshen (Tib., blo-bzang chod-kyi gyal-mtshan), 1570–1662, the teacher of the Dalai Lama V. Since the Dalai Lamas are considered to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara, the Panchen Lamas are considered to be incarnations of Amitābha, as that Buddha is Avalokiteśvara's spiritual father. Serving as the abbots of the Gelukpa Tashilhumpo monastery, the Panchen Lamas have the important role of authenticating the selected reincarnation of a Dalai Lama. There have been eleven Panchen Lama incarnations although the identity of the most recent one has been subject to dispute, with two different candidates recognized by the Dalai Lama and the Chinese authorities respectively. The current whereabouts in China of the incarnation favoured by the Dalai Lama are unknown.
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DAMIEN KEOWN. "Panchen Lama." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAMIEN KEOWN. "Panchen Lama." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-PanchenLama.html DAMIEN KEOWN. "Panchen Lama." A Dictionary of Buddhism. 2004. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O108-PanchenLama.html |
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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama In Tibetan Buddhism, religious leader who is second only in importance to the Dalai Lama. In 1923, the ninth Panchen Lama fled to China because of disagreements with the Dalai Lama. In 1938, Bskal-bzang Tshe-brtan, a boy of Tibetan parentage, was born in China and later hailed by the Chinese government as the 10th Panchen Lama. In 1959, when the Dalai Lama fled to India, the Chinese government officially recognized him as the true leader of Tibet. In 1964, he was stripped of his power. He died in 1989. In December 1995, another Tibetan boy, Gyaincain Norbu, was selected by the Chinese government and enthroned in Beijing as the 11th Panchen Lama. He is not recognized as such by the Tibetan government-in-exile nor by the majority of the international community.
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"Panchen Lama." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Panchen Lama." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-PanchenLama.html "Panchen Lama." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-PanchenLama.html |
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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama a Tibetan lama ranking next after the Dalai Lama. The name comes from Tibetan panchen, abbreviation of pandi-tachen-po ‘great learned one’. The Panchen Lama identifies the new Dalai Lama.
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Panchen Lama." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Panchen Lama." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-PanchenLama.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Panchen Lama." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-PanchenLama.html |
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Panchen Lama
Panchen Lama see Tibetan Buddhism . |
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"Panchen Lama." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Panchen Lama." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-PanchenL.html "Panchen Lama." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-PanchenL.html |
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