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Oxford Movement
Oxford Movement, or Tractarian Movement, a movement of thought and doctrine within the Church of England, centred at Oxford, the impulse of which was the Assize Sermon on National Apostasy preached by Keble in 1833. The movement aimed to defend the Church of England as a divine institution with an independent spiritual status, and to revive the High Church traditions of the 17th cent. Keble's sermon inspired Newman, R. H. Froude, and others to launch their series Tracts for the Times in 1833 (which gave the Tractarian movement its name); the series gained the influential support of Pusey. It was Newman's famous Tract XC (1841) on the compatibility of the Thirty-Nine Articles with Roman Catholic theology that brought the Tractarians under official ban, but hostility had already been aroused by the publication of the first volumes of Froude's Literary Remains in 1838, with its strictures on the Reformation. W. G. Ward's The Ideal of a Christian Church (1844), with its praise of the Roman Catholic church, intensified hostility, and led to suspicions that the Tractarians (and principally Newman) were subversively leading their followers towards Rome. There is a remarkable history of the movement by R. W. Church (1891).
The impact of the Tractarians on intellectual, religious, and cultural life was immense. In literary terms, the revival of interest in the medieval and 17th-cent. church influenced Tennyson, W. Morris and the Pre-Raphaelites, C. Rossetti and C. M. Yonge, among others; it also added strength to the revival of Gothic architecture associated with Pugin. |
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MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-OxfordMovement.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-OxfordMovement.html |
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Oxford Movement
Oxford Movement. A movement in the Church of England, beginning in the 19th cent., which had a profound impact on the theology, piety, and liturgy of Anglicanism. Its acknowledged leaders, John Keble, J. H. Newman, and E. B. Pusey, were all Oxford dons, and it is Keble's 1833 sermon on ‘National Apostasy’ (attacking the government's plan to suppress, without proper reference to the Church, ten Irish bishoprics) which is conventionally seen as the moment when the movement came to birth.
The movement reacted against decline in church life, the threat posed by liberal theology and rationalism, and the fear that the government was, in the words of Keble, intent on making the Church of England ‘as one sect among many’. The organ of the movement was the series of Tracts for the Times (1–90; 1833–41) from which its supporters derived the name Tractarians. Although aimed against both ‘Popery and Dissent’, they were viewed with increasing alarm by those outside the movement who saw in them evidence of creeping Romanism. Newman's Tract Ninety, which attempted to square the Thirty-Nine Articles with Roman Catholicism, was condemned by many bishops, and a crisis was reached in 1845 when Newman and some of his supporters converted to Rome. The heart of the movement's renewal of Anglicanism lay not so much in the ritual of worship, as in the impetus it gave to more godly living worked out through the revival of religious communities and a deep commitment to parish and mission work, especially among the poor and deprived. |
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JOHN BOWKER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-OxfordMovement.html JOHN BOWKER. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-OxfordMovement.html |
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Oxford Movement
Oxford Movement. A movement (1833–45) in the C of E, centred in Oxford, which aimed at restoring High Church principles. Several causes contributed to its growth, including the decline of Church life, the spread of ‘Liberalism’ in theology, and the question of Anglican identity raised by the removal of religious tests for State office in 1829. The plan to suppress ten Irish bishoprics in 1833 evoked from J. Keble a sermon in the university church at Oxford which is usually regarded as the beginning of the movement. Its chief object was the defence of the C of E as a Divine institution, of the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and of the BCP as a rule of faith. The Tracts for the Times were designed for this purpose. The leaders of the movement were Keble, J. H. Newman, and E. B. Pusey. It gained influential support, but it was also attacked by the liberals within the university and by the bishops. After the censure by the Convocation of Oxford in 1845 of a book by W. G. Ward, and again after the Gorham case in 1850, there were a number of conversions to the RC Church. But the majority remained in the C of E, and, despite the hostility of the press and of the Government, the movement spread. Its influence was exercised in the sphere of worship and ceremonial, in the social sphere (the slum settlements were among its notable achievements), and in the revival of religious community life in the C of E (see RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN ANGLICANISM).
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-OxfordMovement.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Oxford Movement." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-OxfordMovement.html |
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Oxford Movement
OXFORD MOVEMENTOXFORD MOVEMENT. The Oxford Movement was a religious revival in the Church of England (1833) that emphasized the church's Catholic heritage in doctrine, polity, and worship. In America the movement found congenial soil among Episcopalians already influenced by the high churchmanship of Bishop John H. Hobart of New York (1775–1830). Opposition by those who believed the movement endangered the protestantism of the church reached an apex during the 1840s. Several high-profile conversions to Roman Catholicism increased party tension. Although the matter was settled by the 1874 canon, which prevented liturgical practices inconsistent with the church's doctrines, the movement exercised a permanent influence on the liturgy of the Episcopal church. BIBLIOGRAPHYChadwick, Owen. The Spirit of the Oxford Movement: Tractarian Essays. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Mullin, Robert Bruce. Episcopal Vision/American Reality: High Church Theology and Social Thought in Evangelical America. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986. Massey H.ShepherdJr./a. r. See alsoEpiscopalianism ; Religious Thought and Writings . |
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"Oxford Movement." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Oxford Movement." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401803122.html "Oxford Movement." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401803122.html |
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Oxford movement
Oxford movement. Founded by a group of clerical Oxford dons in the 1830s and 1840s, who sought to renew the Church of England through rediscovering its catholic inheritance. It was a response to the perceived decline of the Church of England into dangerous liberalism and excessive control by Parliament, which produced a desire to emphasize the spiritual and divine institution of the Church of England. Its starting-point is usually taken as Keble's Assize Sermon of 1833. The end of the first phase came with the reception of Newman into the Roman catholic church in 1845. Between 1833 and 1841 its leaders produced the Tracts for the Times, hence the alternative name of ‘tractarianism’.
Judith Champ |
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JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Oxfordmovement.html JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Oxfordmovement.html |
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Oxford movement
Oxford movement Founded by a group of clerical Oxford dons in the 1830s and 1840s, who sought to renew the Church of England through rediscovering its catholic inheritance. It was a response to the perceived decline of the Church of England into dangerous liberalism and excessive control by Parliament. Its starting‐point is usually taken as Keble's Assize Sermon of 1833. Between 1833 and 1841 its leaders produced the Tracts for the Times, hence the alternative name of ‘tractarianism’.
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JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Oxfordmovement.html JOHN CANNON. "Oxford movement." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Oxfordmovement.html |
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Oxford Movement
Oxford Movement Attempt by some members of the Church of England to restore the ideals of the pre-Reformation Church. It lasted from c.1833 to the first decades of the 20th century. Among the main proponents was John Newman.
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"Oxford Movement." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Oxford Movement." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-OxfordMovement.html "Oxford Movement." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-OxfordMovement.html |
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Oxford Movement
Oxford Movement See NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY.
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"Oxford Movement." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Oxford Movement." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-OxfordMovement.html "Oxford Movement." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-OxfordMovement.html |
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