Political Science: Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions Further reading

Moses Hess

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Moses Hess 1812-75, German socialist. He was responsible for converting Engels to Communism, and he early introduced Marx to social and economic problems. Hess played a prominent role in transforming Hegelian theory by conceiving of man as the initiator of history rather than as a mere observer. He was reluctant to base all human destiny on economic causes and class struggle, and he came to see the struggle of races, or nationalities, as the prime factor of past history. In Rom und Jerusalem (1862, tr. 1958) he declared that the freeing and uniting of humanity was the mission of the Jewish people and urged the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Bibliography: See biography by S. Avineri (1987).

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Hess, Moses

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Hess, Moses (1812–75). German socialist and Zionist. As an ethical socialist, Hess believed, in the early part of his life, that Jews should assimilate into the majority culture. By 1862, he had published Rome and Jerusalem (Eng., 1918) which recommended the ‘founding of Jewish societies of agriculture, industry and trade in accordance with Mosaic, i.e., socialist principles’.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Hess, Moses." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Hess, Moses." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-HessMoses.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Hess, Moses." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-HessMoses.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Compelling Debut Novel by Peter Hess - 'Three Days of Darkness'. PR Newswire; 5/21/2004
	Jews as the Romans saw them.(Rome and Jerusalem: The Clash of Ancient... Magazine article from: First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life; 5/1/2008
	The dream and death of an idea; Socialism across two centuries.(BOOKS) Newspaper article from: The Washington Times (Washington, DC); 4/21/2002