|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries: |
Research categories | Follow us on Twitter |
Research categories
View all topics in the newsView all reference sources at Encyclopedia.com |
|||
Manfred
Manfred , c.1232-1266, king of Sicily (1258-66), the last Hohenstaufen on that throne. An illegitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Manfred was regent in Sicily for his brother Conrad IV . Conrad died in 1254, and Manfred seized the regency for Conrad's young son, Conradin . However, Pope Innocent IV and his successors, Alexander IV and Urban IV , were determined to stamp out the Hohenstaufen. Papal forces invaded Sicily, and Manfred was forced to restore (1254) the kingdom to the papacy, retaining only the duchy of Taranto in fief from the pope. Soon Manfred rebelled, reconquered S Italy and Sicily, assumed leadership of the antipapal forces throughout Italy, and had himself crowned (1258) at Palermo. Urban IV reacted by investing Charles of Anjou with Sicily as Charles I . Invading Italy, Charles defeated Manfred at Benevento (1266). Manfred died in the battle, and Conradin was later captured and executed. After the Sicilian Vespers (1282), Manfred's son-in-law, Peter III of Aragón, was chosen king of Sicily and began a new dynasty. |
|
|
Cite this article
"Manfred." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Manfred." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Manfred.html "Manfred." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Manfred.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred ♂ From an old Germanic personal name, usually said to be from man ‘man’ + fred, frid ‘peace’. However, it is more likely that the first element was magin ‘strength’ (the usual Norman form being Mainfred) or manag ‘much’. This name was in use among the Normans, who introduced it to Britain. However, it did not become part of the common stock of English given names, and was reintroduced from Germany in the 19th century. It was a traditional name among the Hohenstaufens, and was borne by the last Hohenstaufen king of Sicily (1258–66), who died in battle against papal forces at Benevento. The name was also used by Byron for the central character in his poetic drama Manfred (1817), a brooding outcast, tormented by incestuous love for his half-sister.
|
|
|
Cite this article
PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Manfred1.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Manfred1.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred, a poetic drama by Lord Byron, published 1817.
Manfred, a Faustian figure, ‘half-dust, half deity’, lives as an outcast in a castle in the Alps, and is tortured by guilt for ‘some half-maddening sin’. He summons the spirits of the universe, who offer him everything except the oblivion he seeks. Eventually, overcoming his terror of death, he tries to hurl himself from an alpine crag, but is dragged back by a hunter. He invokes the Witch of the Alps and reveals his sin—his incestuous love for his sister Astarte. He descends to the underworld, the Hall of Arimanes, and encounters a vision of Astarte, who promises him death on the morrow. Back in his castle an abbot begs him to repent, but he cannot. He denies the power of the demons who summon him, and when they vanish he dies. |
|
|
Cite this article
MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-Manfred.html MARGARET DRABBLE and JENNY STRINGER. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O54-Manfred.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred (1231–66) King of Sicily (1258–66). The illegitimate son of the Holy Roman Emperor FREDERICK II, he ruled in Italy on behalf of Conradin, his half-brother, and with support from the Saracens took the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1257). He was excommunicated by Pope Alexander IV but invaded papal territories in Tuscany. He was again excommunicated by Pope Urban IV who gave his crown to Charles I of Anjou, and he was finally defeated and killed at the battle of Benevento.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Manfred." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Manfred." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Manfred.html "Manfred." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Manfred.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred. Verse-drama by Byron (1817) on which are based (1) Ov. and 15 items of incidental mus. by Schumann, Op.115 (1848–9); (2) Sym. (unnumbered) by Tchaikovsky, Op.58 (1885).
|
|
|
Cite this article
MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Manfred.html MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Manfred." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Manfred.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred ♂ Germanic: from man ‘man’ + fred ‘peace’.
Also: Manfried. |
|
|
Cite this article
PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Manfred.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Manfred." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Manfred.html |
|
Manfred
Manfred •arid, married
•Alfred • Manfred • acrid • Astrid
•serried, unburied, viverrid
•varied • sacred • hatred • mirid
•Mildred • kindred • Wilfred • Ingrid
•Winifred • hybrid
•florid, forehead, horrid, torrid
•storied • Mordred • putrid
•hurried, unworried
•unwearied • lurid • ascarid
•unsalaried • liveried
•Abbasid, acid, antacid, flaccid, Hasid, placid
•alcid
•rancid, unfancied
•deuced, lucid, pellucid, Seleucid
•cussed • cursed
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Manfred." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Manfred." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Manfred.html "Manfred." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Manfred.html |
|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries:
HighBeam™ Research, Inc. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
The Encyclopedia.com advertising network includes:
