Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh , state (2001 provisional pop. 60,385,118), 119,010 sq mi (308,240 sq km), central India, between the Deccan and the Ganges plain. The capital is Bhopal . One of the largest states in India, Madhya Pradesh consists, from north to south, of upland zones separated by plains. Adequate rainfall and plentiful good soil permit a prosperous, predominantly agricultural economy. Grains, especially wheat, are the main crops of the north. The abundant cotton of the southwest (especially Berar) makes this state second only to Gujarat in cotton production. Spinning and weaving are the chief industries; there is a huge steel mill at Bhilainagar and chemical and electrical industries at Bhopal. The state is rich in minerals; manganese, bauxite, iron ore, and coal are exploited.

The majority of the inhabitants are Hindi-speaking Hindus, but Urdu and other languages are also spoken. A large aboriginal population (c.5 million), principally Gonds, inhabits the forested regions. There are four major universities and numerous colleges in the state. Madhya Pradesh is governed by a chief minister and cabinet responsible to a bicameral legislature with one elected house and by a governor appointed by the president of India.

Nominally within the Mughal empire, the area was ruled during the 16th and 17th cent. by the Gonds and in the 18th cent. by the Marathas . The British occupied it in 1820. Berar, originally belonging to the domain of the Nizam of Hyderabad, was incorporated in 1903; from then until 1950 the state was called Central Provinces and Berar. In 1956 it greatly increased its area with the addition of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal. That area was decreased significantly in 2000 when Madhya Pradesh's southeastern portion, the subject of separatist movements since the 1920s, became the new state of Chhattisgarh .

Madhya Pradesh State in central India; the capital is Bhopal. Other major cities include Gwalior and Indore. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the indigenous Gonds ruled the region. In the 18th century, the Marathas assumed control. The British occupied it in 1820, and from 1903 to 1950 it was known as Central Provinces and Berar. In 1956, Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal incorporated to form the new state of Madhya Pradesh. Lying between the Deccan and Gangetic plains, it has the largest area of any state in India. Agriculture dominates the economy. Major crops include wheat, rice, and cotton. Madhya Pradesh is rich in mineral resources, such as bauxite, iron ore, and manganese. Bhopal has many chemical and electrical industries. In 2000 the state of Chhatisgarh was created out of part of Madhya Pradesh. Area: 308,245sq km (119,013sq mi). Pop. (2001) 60,385,118.