Louis XIII

Louis XIII 1601-43, king of France (1610-43). He succeeded his father, Henry IV , under the regency of his mother, Marie de' Medici . He married Anne of Austria in 1615. Even after being declared of age in 1614, he was excluded from affairs of state by his domineering mother. In 1617 he caused the assassination of her minister Concino Concini , with the aid of his own favorite, Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes , and Marie de' Medici was forced into retirement. He was reconciled to her in 1622 and entrusted (1624) the government to her protégé, Cardinal Richelieu . In 1630, urged by his mother to discharge Richelieu, he instead sent his mother again into exile. Melancholy and retiring by nature, Louis thenceforth gave full support to Richelieu and his successor, Cardinal Mazarin . Richelieu strengthened royal authority and centralized government control. Louis's reign was remarkable for the establishment of the French Academy and for the work of St. Francis de Sales and St. Vincent de Paul in religion, René Descartes in philosophy, and Pierre Corneille in literature.

Bibliography: See V. L. Tapié, La France de Louis XIII et de Richelieu (1952); H. W. Chapman, Privileged Persons (1966).

Louis XIII (1601–43) King of France (1610–43). Son of Henry IV and Marie de Médicis, he forcibly ended his mother's regency in 1617 and exiled her. He relied on Cardinal Richelieu, who exercised total authority from 1624. Louis approved the policy of crushing the Huguenots at home while making alliances with Protestant powers abroad, in opposition to the Habsburgs, during the Thirty Years' War.