Louis VIII

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Louis VIII

Louis VIII 1187-1226, king of France (1223-26), son and successor of King Philip II . He fought (1215, 1219) against the Albigenses in S France. Invited by English lords in rebellion against their king, John , to become king of England, he invaded (1216) England, although his action caused his excommunication by Pope Innocent III. The death of John and the accession of Henry III as king of England lost Louis much support among the English nobility. After his defeat (1217) at Lincoln, he withdrew. In 1224 he conquered Poitou from the English. To make his peace with the church, he pledged to go on crusade, and in 1226 he resumed the Albigensian Crusade and conquered most of Languedoc. He continued his father's policy of strong central authority.

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Louis VIII

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Â© World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Louis VIII (1187–1226) King of France (1223–26). He invaded England (1216) at the invitation of barons opposing King John but was defeated at Lincoln (1217) and returned to France. Louis successfully concluded the crusade against the heretical Albigenses in s France.

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Alexander VIII

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church | 2000 | | Â© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Alexander VIII (1610–91), Pope from 1689. He effected a reconciliation with Louis XIV of France, who in 1690 returned Avignon and Venaissin. In 1690 he condemned the Four Gallican Articles of 1682 and 31 propositions of C. O. Jansen.

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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alexander VIII." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 25 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Alexander VIII." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (December 25, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-AlexanderVIII.html

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