Louis Jules Trochu

Louis Jules Trochu

Louis Jules Trochu , 1815–96, French general. He fought in Algeria, in the Crimean War, and in the Italian war of 1859. In L'Armée française en 1867 (1867), he criticized the French army and urged its reorganization. He was military governor of Paris when the Franco-Prussian War broke out (1870). He did not attempt to prevent the overthrow, at Paris, of the Second Empire after the French rout at Sedan (Sept., 1870), and he accepted the presidency of the government of national defense, hoping to conduct an honorable rather than a victorious defense. Trochu's inactivity in defense of Paris was severely criticized. He resigned after the capitulation of Paris in Jan., 1871. He wrote several volumes of apologia.

Show all research tools

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

  • MLA
  • Chicago
  • APA

"Louis Jules Trochu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Louis Jules Trochu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Trochu-L.html

"Louis Jules Trochu." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Trochu-L.html

Learn more about citation styles

Vierne, Louis (Victor Jules)

Vierne, Louis (Victor Jules) (b Poitiers, 1870; d Paris, 1937). Fr. organist and composer, born blind, but had limited sight after operation in 1877. Org., Nôtre Dame de Paris 1900–37. Taught org., Paris Cons. 1894–1911; prof. of org., Schola Cantorum, Paris, from 1912. Toured Europe and USA as org. recitalist. Wrote 6 org. syms. (1898–1930) and shorter pieces for org., also mass, str. qt., vn. sonata, vc. sonata, pf. quintet, and an orch. sym. (1907–8). Died playing org. at Notre Dame.

Show all research tools

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

  • MLA
  • Chicago
  • APA

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Vierne, Louis (Victor Jules)." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Vierne, Louis (Victor Jules)." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-VierneLouisVictorJules.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Vierne, Louis (Victor Jules)." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-VierneLouisVictorJules.html

Learn more about citation styles

Pictures from Google Image Search

Click to see an enlarged picture
Click to see an enlarged picture
Click to see an enlarged picture

See more pictures of Trochu, Louis Jules