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Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi ( Liu Shao-chi) (b. 24 Nov. 1898, d. 12 Nov. 1969). President of the People's Republic of China 1959–66 Born of a wealthy peasant family near Changsha (Hunan province), he attended the same school as Mao Zedong who was five years his elder. In 1920 he went to Shanghai, where he joined the Socialist Youth League (1921). In late 1921 he went to study in the Soviet Union, and joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He returned in 1922 and became a Communist trade-union organizer in Hunan, Guangzhou (Canton), and Shanghai respectively, before becoming a member of the Central Committee of the CCP in 1927. In 1932, he arrived in Jianxi, where he resumed his friendship with Mao. He took part in the Long March, and gradually rose to become the party's chief organizer, and an important theoretician. He disagreed with, but tolerated, the development of a cult around ‘Chairman Mao’. An austere, hard-working, and incorruptible man, he published his views on How to be a Good Communist for the first time in 1939. Second in the political hierarchy only to Mao from 1945, his efficiency as party organizer stemmed from his good working relations with almost all leaders of importance. The more pragmatic Liu became President after the failure of the disastrous Great Leap Forward, when Mao Zedong was forced to ‘retire’ from this office. He stabilized the economy and society in the early 1960s, gaining increasing stature and authority in the process. He was thus the most immediate target of a threatened Mao in the Cultural Revolution. He was imprisoned on 17 October 1969, and, after being forbidden medical assistance, he died from an illness. He was rehabilitated posthumously in 1980.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-LiuShaoqi.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-LiuShaoqi.html |
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Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi or Liu Shao-ch'i , 1898?–1969, Chinese Communist political leader. Liu joined (1920) a Comintern organization in Shanghai, where he studied Russian. While in Moscow in 1921, he joined the Chinese Communist party. After he returned to China, his reputation as a labor organizer grew. He rose rapidly in the party hierarchy, was a member of the central committee in 1927, and in 1934 was promoted to the powerful politburo. Liu became the Communists' foremost expert on organization and party structure. In the 1950s and early 60s he played an important role in all aspects of public life, especially as chairman and head of state of the Chinese People's Republic (1959–68). Attacked during the early stages of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) as the "number one capitalist-roader," Liu was stripped of power in 1968. He was rehabilitated posthumously in 1980. |
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"Liu Shaoqi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Liu Shaoqi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LiuShaoq.html "Liu Shaoqi." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LiuShaoq.html |
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Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi (or Liu Shao-ch'i) (1898–c.1974) Chinese statesman. He served as a communist trade union organizer in Guangzhou (Canton) and Shanghai before becoming a member of the Central Committee of the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY in 1927, and its chief theoretician. On the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949 he was appointed chief vice-chairman of the party. In 1959 he became chairman of the Republic, second only to MAO ZEDONG in official standing, but during the CULTURAL REVOLUTION he was fiercely criticized by RED GUARDS as a ‘renegade, traitor, and scab’, and in 1968 he was stripped of office; his death was announced in 1974. In 1980 he was posthumously rehabilitated.
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Cite this article
"Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LiuShaoqi.html "Liu Shaoqi." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LiuShaoqi.html |
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Liu Shaoqi
Liu Shaoqi (1898–1974) Chinese statesman, chairman (1959–68) of the People's Republic of China. A leader of the trades union movement, Liu Shaoqi was the chief theorist of the early Chinese Communist Party. In 1949, he became chief vice-chairman of the party. Second-in-command to Mao Zedong from 1959, he was purged during the Cultural Revolution and died in prison.
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Cite this article
"Liu Shaoqi." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 29 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Liu Shaoqi." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 29, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-LiuShaoqi.html "Liu Shaoqi." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 29, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-LiuShaoqi.html |
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