Iraq Political Geography

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa Further reading

Kirkuk

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Kirkuk , city (1987 pop. 418,624), NE Iraq. It is the center of Iraq's oil industry and is connected by pipelines to ports on the Mediterranean Sea. Oil production throughout the 1980s was reduced because of the Iran-Iraq War . Kirkuk is a market for the region's produce, including cereals, olives, fruits, and cotton. There is a small textile industry. Kirkuk is built on a mound containing the remains of a settlement dating back to 3000 BC Kirkuk's population is mix of Turkomans, Kurds, and Arabs; forced resettlement of many Kurds in the late 20th cent. reduced their numbers in the city and prompted a Kurdish migration back into the city and the surrounding province after the U.S. invasion of Iraq.

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Kirkuk

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa | 2004 | | Copyright

KIRKUK

A city in northeastern Iraq at the foot of the Zagros Mountains.

Historically a Kurdish city, Kirkuk today has an Arab plurality. According to the 1977 census, the population was 535,000; in 2004, it was estimated to be 784,100. The city is in the heartland of the Kurdish region; the Kirkuk oil field, the largest oil field in Iraq, is also the center of the Iraqi petroleum industry. Refineries and major oil pipelines lead from Kirkuk to Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey.

see also zagros.

reeva s. simon

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Simon, Reeva S.. "Kirkuk." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Simon, Reeva S.. "Kirkuk." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424601575.html

Simon, Reeva S.. "Kirkuk." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424601575.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Kirkuk becomes Iraq's destiny.(COMMENTARY) Newspaper article from: The Washington Times (Washington, DC); 4/7/2005
	Kirkuk: hostile makeover. Magazine article from: Kurdish Life; 3/22/2008
	Kirkuk sales push up Iraq's oil exports to new highs. Newspaper article from: The Oil Daily; 7/10/2006