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John IV
John IV 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the Portuguese throne when a revolution was planned to cast off the rule of Philip IV of Spain. In 1640 the revolution was successfully carried out, and John became king of independent Portugal. John's policy was to secure foreign alliances, especially with France, in order to consolidate his position against Spain (which did not recognize Portuguese independence until 1668). During his reign the Dutch were expelled (1654) from Brazil, where they had seized territory during the period of Spanish rule. John was unwarlike himself and was devoted to hunting, music, and the arts. The first king of the Braganza line, he was succeeded by his son Alfonso VI. His daughter Catherine married Charles II of England. |
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"John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-John4Por.html "John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-John4Por.html |
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John IV
John IV (John Lascaris) , b. c.1250, d. after 1273, Byzantine emperor of Nicaea (1258–61), son and successor (under a regency) of Theodore II and last of the Lascarids. Michael Palaeologus (later Michael VIII ) overthrew the regency and in 1259 was crowned coemperor. He postponed John's coronation and in 1261 had the boy blinded and imprisoned. It is possible that John escaped from his fortress and went (c.1273) to the court of Charles of Anjou. |
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Cite this article
"John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-John4Byz.html "John IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-John4Byz.html |
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John IV
John IV (or John the Fortunate) (1605–1656) King of Portugal (1640–56). The founder of the Braganza dynasty, he expelled a Spanish usurper and proclaimed himself king in 1640. He defeated the Spanish at Montijo in 1644, drove the Dutch out of Brazil in 1654, and generally restored Portugal's international position.
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"John IV." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "John IV." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-JohnIV.html "John IV." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-JohnIV.html |
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John IV, King of Portugal
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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "John IV, King of Portugal." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "John IV, King of Portugal." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-JohnIVKingofPortugal.html MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "John IV, King of Portugal." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-JohnIVKingofPortugal.html |
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John IV
John IV (1605–56) King of Portugal (1640–56). As Duke of Braganza, he was a leader of the Portuguese revolt against Spanish rule (1640) and afterwards became king. Portuguese independence was confirmed by victory at Montijo (1644).
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"John IV." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "John IV." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-JohnIV.html "John IV." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-JohnIV.html |
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