Johannes Peter Muller

Johannes Peter Müller , 1801-58, German physiologist and anatomist. From 1833 until the end of his career he was professor at Berlin. He was famed as a teacher; for his extensive research in many fields, including embryology, general and microscopic pathology, biochemistry, comparative anatomy, psychology, and marine zoology; and for his theories on color vision and voice production. As a result of his experiments in neurology he proposed the law of specific energies, i.e., that each sensory nerve produces its own specific sensation (e.g., any stimulation to the optic nerve results in a sensation of light).

Salomon, Johann Peter (b Bonn, 1745; d London, 1815). Ger.-born violinist and impresario. Played in Bonn court orch. 1758–65. Violinist and composer in royal orch. at Rheinsberg 1764–80. Settled in London 1781, winning special fame as qt. player. Began to organize concerts and introduced Haydn and Mozart syms. at series in 1786. Brought Haydn to Eng. 1790–1 and 1794–5 (hence name ‘Salomon symphonies’ for Haydn's last 12). Suggested The Creation to Haydn. Friend of Beethoven. Co-founder Phil. Soc. of London 1813, leading orch. at first concert. Comp. operas, oratorio, vn. concs. Buried in Westminster Abbey.

Gutenberg, Johann (c.1400–?68), the inventor of printing with movable types. Born at Mainz, he learned printing skills in Strasburg. In 1436 he founded a press in partnership with Fust, who provided the capital. Fust dissolved the partnership acrimoniously in 1455 and took possession of the implements and stock. Books published up to 1455 cannot be assigned with confidence to Gutenberg or Fust or Fust's son-in-law Peter Schöffer, but the 42-line Latin Bible known as the ‘Gutenberg Bible’, printed at Mainz in 1453–5, is usually attributed to Gutenberg.