Jesse Duncan Elliott

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Jesse Duncan Elliott

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Jesse Duncan Elliott 1782-1845, American naval officer, b. Hagerstown, Md. In the War of 1812, he helped capture two British vessels on Lake Erie and was made commander of the lake. He began building the fleet that O. H. Perry was to use after he succeeded (1813) Elliott. In the battle of Lake Erie (1813), Elliott was second in command. His conduct in the battle brought about a brisk argument with Perry—giving rise to a controversy that was continued long after the death of both and is still not completely settled.

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Johnson, Jack

The Oxford Companion to United States History | 2001 | | © The Oxford Companion to United States History 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Johnson, Jack (1878–1946), prizefighter, world heavyweight boxing champion from 1908 to 1915.John Arthur Johnson was born to former slaves in Galveston, Texas, just as Reconstruction ended and he came of age in the Jim Crow Era of rigid racial segregation. In boxing, the color line was firmly drawn. Although Johnson had established himself as an accomplished boxer by 1902, white heavyweight champions Jim Jeffries, Robert Fitzsimmons, and Tommy Burns refused to fight him. But Johnson persisted, allegedly following Burns all over the world until Burns in 1908 agreed to fight in Sydney, Australia. In the fourteenth round, with Burns defenseless, police stopped the fight.

Johnson's championship sparked a wave of antiblack hostility. For the next several years, he flaunted his wealth and fame. Not only was Johnson the heavyweight champion—and defiantly so—but he violated the ultimate racial taboo by conducting relationships with white women, eventually marrying two. The search for the “great white hope” was on. After Johnson disposed of a handful of opponents, former champion Jim Jeffries came out of retirement in 1910, proposing to uphold the honor of “that portion of the white race that has been looking to me to defend its athletic superiority.” Johnson easily defeated him, touching off race riots.

Meanwhile, federal authorities began to compile a dossier on Johnson. Under the Mann Act of 1910, he was convicted of transporting a woman across state lines for sexual purposes. In 1913, Johnson fled the country to escape imprisonment. He lost his title to Jess Willard in Cuba in 1915, remained abroad until 1920, then returned to serve eight months in federal prison in Leavenworth, Kansas. He continued to fight until age fifty, worked as an entertainer, and died in a car crash in 1946. Considered by many the greatest boxer of all time, Johnson also came to symbolize racial relations in a singularly racist era.
See also African Americans; Prostitution and Antiprostitution; Racism; Sports: Professional Sports.

Bibliography

Randy Roberts , Papa Jack: Jack Johnson and the Era of White Hopes, 1983.

Elliott J. Gorn

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Paul S. Boyer. "Johnson, Jack." The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Paul S. Boyer. "Johnson, Jack." The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (December 2, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-JohnsonJack.html

Paul S. Boyer. "Johnson, Jack." The Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. 2001. Retrieved December 02, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O119-JohnsonJack.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

Free Article Oliver Hazard Perry: Honor, Courage, and Patriotism in the Early U.S. Navy.(Book review)
Magazine article from: The Historian; 6/22/2008
Free Article Lunenburg High School lists honorees.(NEWS)
Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 6/28/2007
Free Article Celebrity birthdays for the week of Dec. 7-13
News Wire article from: AP Worldstream; 12/5/2008

Related articles from newspapers, magazines, and more

Oliver Hazard Perry: Honor, Courage, and Patriotism in the Early U.S. Navy.(Book review)
Magazine article from: The Historian; 6/22/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Perry's wrangle with his second-in-command, Jesse Duncan Elliott, who had inexplicably failed to bring his ship, the...early in the Lake Erie battle. The controversy over Elliott's dereliction did not die with Perry. In 1840...
CAMPUS NEWS
Newspaper article from: Northbrook Star (IL); 7/26/2007; 700+ words ; ...Morocco during the summer term as part of the College's Language Study Abroad Program. Elizabeth Duncan Elliott, daughter of Susan and Jesse Elliott of Northbrook and a 2006 graduate of Glenbrook North High School, was named to the spring dean...
College Football: 2002 Arkansas State Indians Roster.
News Wire article from: Sports Network; 9/30/2002; 700+ words ; ...WR 6-0 203 SO 11 Bryan Gauthreaux QB 6-0 188 SO 12 Elliott Jacobs QB 6-2 218 SO 13 Reid McKinney QB 6-3 220...Johnson OL 6-1 255 FR 61 Deric Wyatt PK 6-0 233 JR 65 Jesse Duncan OL 6-2 351 SR 69 Tanner Jenkins OL 6-2 295 FR 71...
Honor Roll: Naperville Central High School
Newspaper article from: Naperville Sun, The (IL); 4/12/2005; 700+ words ; ...Chelsie Miller, Erik Miller, Kathleen Mueller, Jesse Murphy, Garrett Muscato, Jill Mysliwiec, Shantesh...Dave, James Dickson, Meagan Drapalik, Jason Duncan, Corbin Elliott, Taylor Elliott, Alexander English, Matthew Fitterer, Brian...
Winners of Congressional Gold Medals
News Wire article from: AP Online; 1/26/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...Oliver Hazard Perry, 1814. _Capt. Jesse D. Elliott, 1814. _Lt. William Burrows...S. Brig Somers, 1847. _Com. Duncan N. Ingraham, 1854. _Frederick...1986. _Mary Lasker, 1987. _Jesse Owens, 1988. _Andrew Wyeth...
Honor Roll: North County High School
Newspaper article from: Maryland Gazette; 7/4/2007; 700+ words ; ...North County High School: NINTH GRADE: Christopher Duncan, Joshua Elliott, Gary Eurice, Megan Hopper and Alicia Huber. 10TH...Jasmine Wilson and Corey Zientarsky. 11TH GRADE: Jesse Alton, Kimberly Alvarado, Scott Arcoraci, Nicholas...
NEW CASES BEFORE THE DISTRICT COURT
Newspaper article from: The Journal Record; 10/26/1990; 700+ words ; ...Vs Johnson Micha L ; Alleged Petition For Replevin; Duncan, Rex Elliott Atty Assg Div S-6 Hon. Donald L. Howard. CS...Dyan Vs Sanders Trent Allen Alleged Divorce Horn,jesse J Atty Assg Div S-10 -Hon. Thornton Wright Jr.
244 STUDENTS NAMED ON PRESIDENT'S HONOR ROLL AT KANSAS CITY KANSAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 5/30/2007; 700+ words ; ...Giddings, Nancy S. Gilbert, Libby J. Graham, Jesse W. Green, Lora Green, Laura N. Gregory, Elizabeth...Deborah M. Day, Darlene M. Dean, William B. Duncan, Stephanie A. Elliott, Amber D. Foster, Donna M. Freeman, Trish A...
BOWLING GREEN TECHNICAL COLLEGE DEANS LIST
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 3/3/2009; 700+ words ; ...Drane, Dan Dubert, Cheryl Duncan, Curtis Eddings, *Franklin Elliott, Clinton Elmore, *Kent Emmert...McReynolds, Erica Meredith, *Jesse Miller, *April Miller, Jessica...Rita Walsh, Cortney Ware, *Jesse Warman, *April Watt-Yurchisin...
Central High's graduating class of 2009
Newspaper article from: Wyoming Tribune-Eagle; 5/31/2009; 700+ words ; ...Detsch Andrew C. Domman Colleen S. Doyle Jason A. Duncan -E- Kassondra M. Elliott Tyler P. Ellis Nicholias J. Espinoza Edgar M...Jenkins Janel N. Johnson Rebeccah J. Johnson Jesse J. Jordan Ryan G. Joyce -K- Brittany M. Kaiser...

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