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Hypothyroidism
HYPOTHYROIDISMHypothyroidism is the condition that reflects decreased concentrations of thyroid hormones, due to any cause. The resulting hypometabolic state causes decreased heat production and generally slows many of the bodies' processes. Its prevalence is 1 to 3 percent of young to middle-aged adults, mainly women, and its incidence rises with age. Severe hypothyroidism occurs in 2 to 4 percent of women older than seventy years of age, and milder forms of disease in 8 to 15 percent. Outside of North America, iodine deficiency is a major cause of hypothyroidism. In the United States, causes include Hashimoto's disease and treatment of hyperthyroidism—either by surgery or radioactive iodine (I-131). Treatment for hypothyroidism consists of hormone supplementation, generally synthetic l-thyroxine, taken once per day. Martin I. Surks (see also: Goiter; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine; Thyroid Disorders; Thyroid Function Tests ) BibliographyShapiro, L. (1999). "Hypothyroidism." In Atlas of Clinical Endocrinology, Vol. 1: Thyroid Diseases, ed. M. I. Surks. Philadelphia, PA: Current Medicine. |
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Surks, Martin I.. "Hypothyroidism." Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Surks, Martin I.. "Hypothyroidism." Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404000444.html Surks, Martin I.. "Hypothyroidism." Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2002. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404000444.html |
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hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism Deficient functioning of the thyroid gland. Congenital hypothyroidism can lead to cretinism in children. In adults, the condition is called myxoedema. More common in women, it causes physical and mental slowness, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and susceptibility to infection. It can be due to a defect of the gland or a lack of iodine in the diet. It is treated with the hormone thyroxine.
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"hypothyroidism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "hypothyroidism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-hypothyroidism.html "hypothyroidism." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-hypothyroidism.html |
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hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism Underactivity of the thyroid gland, leading to reduced secretion of thyroid hormones and a reduction in basal metabolic rate. Commonly associated with goitre due to iodine deficiency. In hypothyroid adults there is a characteristic moon‐faced appearance, lethargy, and mental apathy. In infants, hypothyroidism can lead to severe mental retardation, cretinism. See also thyrotoxicosis.
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DAVID A. BENDER. "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-hypothyroidism.html DAVID A. BENDER. "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-hypothyroidism.html |
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hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism Underactivity of the thyroid gland, which is generally due to a deficiency in thyroid-stimulating hormone. In adults hypothyroidism causes a decrease in basal metabolic rate, with tissue swelling and weight gain (myxoedema). In children thyroid hormone is required for development of the bones and nervous system, and hypothyroidism can result in cretinism. Compare hyperthyroidism.
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"hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-hypothyroidism.html "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-hypothyroidism.html |
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hypothyroidism
hy·po·thy·roid·ism / ˌhīpōˈ[unvoicedth]īroiˌdizəm/ • n. Med. abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in retardation of growth and mental development in children and adults. DERIVATIVES: hy·po·thy·roid n. & adj. |
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"hypothyroidism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "hypothyroidism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-hypothyroidism.html "hypothyroidism." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-hypothyroidism.html |
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hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism (hy-poh-th'y-roid-izm) n. subnormal activity of the thyroid gland. If present at birth and untreated it leads to cretinism. In adult life it causes myxoedema. The condition can be treated by administration of thyroid hormone.
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"hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-hypothyroidism.html "hypothyroidism." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-hypothyroidism.html |
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hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism see thyroid gland . |
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"hypothyroidism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "hypothyroidism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-hypothyr.html "hypothyroidism." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-hypothyr.html |
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