Hussein I

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Hussein I , 1935-99, king of Jordan; educated in England at Harrow and Sandhurst. He ascended the throne (1953) after his grandfather Abdullah I had been killed (1951) by a Palestinian extremist and after his father was declared (1952) mentally unfit to serve as king. The target of more than a dozen assassination attempts, Hussein generally espoused a moderate pro-Western policy that brought him into conflict with leftist leaders in other Arab countries, as well as with Palestinians in Jordan. He maintained his throne largely through the support of the British-trained Arab Legion and the fierce loyalty of the Bedouins of E Jordan. Despite a generally moderate stance toward Israel, he led Jordan into the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, as a result of which Israel occupied all Jordan W of the Jordan River (the West Bank ). This loss intensified the conflict between Hussein and the Palestinian guerrilla movement, and finally civil war erupted (1970). Hussein was victorious and strengthened his rule, but at a 1974 Arab summit meeting, he agreed to relinquish any claim to the West Bank to the Palestine Liberation Organization . During the Persian Gulf War , Hussein was isolated internationally when he refused to join the forces arrayed against Iraq. Subsequently, however, he played a role in encouraging peace negotiations between Arabs and Israelis, and in 1994 he signed a peace treaty with Israel. At his death he was hailed as a peacemaker, and was succeeded by his son Abdullah II , an army officer he had named crown prince only weeks before he died.

Hussein I (1935–99) Hashemite king of Jordan (1953–99). He sought to maintain good relations with the West while supporting the Palestinians' cause in the Arab-Israeli Wars. In 1967, Hussein led Jordan into the Six-Day War, losing the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel. In 1970, he ordered his army to suppress the activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Jordan. In 1974, he relinquished Jordan's claim to the West Bank to the PLO. In the 1990s, Hussein supported efforts to secure peace in the Middle East, signing a treaty with Israel in 1994, and attending the funeral of Yitzhak Rabin in 1995. His son Abdullah (1962– ) succeeded him as King.

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