South African Political Geography

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Free State

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Free State formerly Orange Free State, province (1995 est. pop. 2,782,000), 49,866 sq mi (129,153 sq km), E central South Africa . It was renamed Free State shortly after the 1994 constitution went into effect. Bloemfontein is the capital and largest city; other important cities include Bethlehem and Kroonstad. The province is chiefly a plateau, rising gradually from c.4,000 ft (1,220 m) in the west to c.6,000 ft (1,830 m) in the east; there are higher elevations in the Drakensberg Range in the southeast. The economy is mainly agricultural; corn, sorghum, potatoes, wheat, sheep, and cattle are raised. Gold mining is also important, and uranium oxide, diamonds, and coal are mined. Synthetic rubber, fertilizers, plastics, textiles, and processed foods are manufactured, and oil is refined from coal. Bloemfontein is the province's road and rail hub. The Univ. of the Orange Free State in Bloemfontein is the chief institution of higher education.

In the early 19th cent. the Orange Free State was inhabited mainly by the Bantu-speaking Tswana people. Afrikaner farmers ( Boers ) entered the territory from the 1820s; after 1835 their immigration accelerated (see Trek, Great ). In 1848 the British, who then held Cape Colony and Natal, annexed the region as the Orange River Sovereignty. After conflicts with the Boers and failure to establish an orderly administration, Britain, by the Bloemfontein Convention (1854), granted the territory independence as the Orange Free State. With the increased tension following the raid into the Transvaal (1895–96), led by L. S. Jameson, the Free State was drawn into the conflict between Britons and Boers that resulted in the South African War (1899–1902). The British again annexed the Free State, as the Orange River Colony, in 1900. In 1907 the colony was granted self-government, and in 1910 it became a founding province of the Union (now Republic) of South Africa.

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"Free State." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Free State

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Free State (formerly Orange Free State) Province in e central South Africa; the capital is Bloemfontein. The region consists principally of fertile high plains, with the Drakensberg Range as part of its e border with Lesotho. The River Orange forms its s border with Northern Cape. Boers began to settle in large numbers after the Great Trek (1836). In 1848, the British annexed the region as the Orange River Sovereignty and, in 1854, it achieved independence as Orange Free State. After its involvement in the South African Wars (1899–1902), it was again annexed by Britain. Regaining independence in 1907, the Orange Free State joined the Union of South Africa in 1910. The economy is dominated by agriculture and gold. Pop. (2000 est.) 2,817,076.

http://www.fs.gov.za

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Orange Free State

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Orange Free State. Former British colony in South Africa. Founded as a republic by Boers (Afrikaners) fleeing British rule in Cape Colony in the mid-19th cent., the Orange Free State retained its independent status until 1900 because of the absence of any resources which might attract the cupidity of foreigners and because its government pursued a policy of friendship with its neighbours. When the Transvaal declared war on Britain in 1899, the Free State's leaders felt bound by treaty to assist. The Boers were defeated and the country became the Orange River Colony in 1900. It was incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910.

Kenneth Ingham

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JOHN CANNON. "Orange Free State." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Orange Free State." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-OrangeFreeState.html

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Orange Free State

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | Copyright

Orange Free State Former British colony in South Africa. Founded as a republic by Boers (Afrikaners) fleeing British rule in Cape Colony in the mid‐19th cent., the Orange Free State retained its independent status until 1900 because of the absence of any resources which might attract the cupidity of foreigners. When the Transvaal declared war on Britain in 1899, the Free State's leaders felt bound to assist. the Boers were defeated and the country became the Orange River Colony in 1900. It was incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910.

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Free State

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Free State (Vrystaat), South Africa Orange Free State A province situated between the Orange and Vaal Rivers, hence its former name; the ‘Orange’ was dropped in 1995. It was established in 1854 by Boers who had trekked northwards in 1836 to escape British rule, becoming a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-FreeState.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-FreeState.html

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Orange Free State

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Orange Free State former province, South Africa: see Free State .

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Orange Free State

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Orange Free State Former name of Free State province

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Orange Free State

Orange Free State, South Africa See Free State.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Orange Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Orange Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-OrangeFreeState.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Orange Free State." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-OrangeFreeState.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	The free state project gets halfway there.(Follow-Up)(Viewpoint essay) Magazine article from: Reason; 7/1/2010
	Ron Paul's secret weapon: the Free State Project flexes its muscles in New... Magazine article from: The American Conservative; 3/15/2012
	SOUTH AFRICA : The Free State youth at work programme is implemented. News Wire article from: Mena Report; 6/25/2011