Frank Owen Gehry

Frank Owen Gehry , 1929-, American architect, b. Toronto, Canada as Frank Owen Goldberg. He is widely considered one of the finest and most artful of contemporary architects. In 1947, Gehry's family moved to Los Angeles, where he attended the Univ. of California; he later studied at Harvard. He has been acclaimed for his original, sophisticated, adventurous, and very American buildings. Extremely varied and lively, his structures contrast space and materials; often jutting, unusual shapes are juxtaposed with simple geometric forms. In his earlier work these forms are expressed in a wide range of usual and unusual architectural materials (e.g., raw plywood, corrugated aluminum, and exposed pipe) that sometimes give these buildings a deliberately unfinished quality. Among his many important commissions are the Loyola Law School (1981-84), Walt Disney Concert Hall (1989), and the Team Disneyland Building (1995), Los Angeles; "Gehry's Fish" (1992), Barcelona; the Weisman Museum of Art (1993), Minneapolis, the first of his all metal-clad buildings; and the Cinémathèque Français (the former American Center. 1994), Paris.

Gehry's later work displays a curving complexity made possible by computer programs and other innovative design tools, many of which he and his team have developed. While these metal-clad buildings have distinct similarities, they differ significantly in shape, proportion, materials, and relation to the sites they occupy. His most important and acclaimed building to date is the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain (1997), a large structure of voluptuous, swooping, organic forms covered in gleaming titanium steel that made him an international star. Gehry also uses curving metal-covered walls in his Experience Music Project rock music museum in Seattle (2000). His design for the Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts (2003) at Bard College combines the characteristic billowing steel shapes at its facade with the unadorned concrete that forms the rear of the building. The Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles (2003) has a sumptuous matte-finish stainless steel facade comprised of several large upward-curving elements punctuated by a hinged glass-panel entry, and a beautiful, acoustically superb interior clad in Douglas fir.

The architect returned to geometric forms in the computer-assisted complexity of his Stata Center (2004), Cambridge, Mass., the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's computer-science building—a tilting and colorful conglomeration of towers, cubes, tubes, and cones in steel, aluminum, and brick whose open interior spaces are designed to promote encounters among its scientist inhabitants. Gehry's first completed New York City project, the InterActiveCorp headquarters in Manhattan (2006-07), is characterized by a façade of billowing white glass that glows with inner light. Gehry also designs furniture and other utilitarian objects as well as watches and jewelry. Prominent among his many awards are the Pritzker Prize (1989) and the first Gish Award (1994).

Bibliography: See M. Friedman, ed., Gehry Talks: Architecture + Process (1999); Sketches of Frank Gehry (documentary film, dir. by S. Pollack, 2006).

Gehry, Frank Owen (1929– ). Canadian-born American architect-(originally Goldberg). He settled in California, where he built several single-family houses from which most traditional forms were expunged. Examples are the Wosk House, Beverly Hills (1982–4), and the Gehry House, Santa Monica (1978–88): in the latter the rectangular form of the house is distorted, a tilted cube emerges from the façade, and layers of the house are peeled away to reveal the structure. He has specialized in using ordinary materials in an unusual way, in destroying structural logic, in playing down the problems caused by weather, and in disdaining gravity as a determinant of form. Other works include the California Aerospace Museum, Santa Monica (1982–4), the Iowa Laser Laboratory, Iowa City (1987), the Schnabel House, Brentwood (1990), the University of Toledo Art Building, Toledo, OH (1990–2), the EMR Offices, Hanover, Germany (1992), the Vitra Headquarters, Basle, Switzerland (1988–94), the American Center, Paris (1988), the Weisman Center, Venice, CA (1988), the University of Minnesota Art Museum, Minneapolis (1989–90), the Minden-Ravensberg Electric Company Offices, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (1991–5), and the fragmented Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain (1991–7—where several volumes project from a central mass, and cladding includes titanium (for the gallery spaces), sandstone (public spaces), blue rendered walls (administration), and glass. More recently, his firm has completed the steel-clad Performing Arts Center, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY (2000–2), the Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, CA (1989–2003—giving the impression of a partly-melted building), the Rasin (Fred and Ginger) Building, Prague (1989—2002—also resembling a partly-melted structure), and the Maggie Cancer Centre, Dundee, Scotland (2000–3—a small building in which, nevertheless, the geometries are as complicated as in his larger projects (perhaps overly so) ). His The Experience Music project, Seattle, has been considered as one example of Blobismus too many. In 2004 he unveiled plans for an Art Gallery, Toronto, Canada, near Alsop's Ontario College of Art and Design. Gehry has been identified with Deconstructivism.

Bibliography

Dal Co & and K. Forster (1998);
Diamonstein (ed.) (1980, 1985);
Jencks 1995a); 2002);
Rahgeb (ed.)2001);
Salingaros et al. 2004);
Steele (ed.)1995);
Stungo 1999);
van Vynckt (ed.)1993);