Morocco Political Geography

Concise Dictionary of World... The Columbia Encyclopedia,... World Encyclopedia The Oxford Pocket Dictionary... Further reading

Fès

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Fès (Fās), Morocco Also spelt Fez. Accounts of the founding of the city vary. One claims that Idrīss I, Moulay of the first Islamic Kingdom of Morocco (789–91), built an Arab city on the right bank of the Wādī Fās in 789 at a junction of trade routes. Fās is an Arabic version of the Berber sàf which is an abbreviation of isaffen, the plural of asif ‘river’. According to a popular legend, however, while work was proceeding on the excavations, a pick‐axe, fās, of gold and silver was found. It was used to demarcate the line of the city's walls. Then, twenty years later, his son, Idrīss II, Moulay (803–28), founded a Berber city on the left bank. Another account claims that it was Idrīss II who founded two separate cities on either side of the river, making them together the capital of the kingdom. During Umayyad rule (980–1012) Moors settled in the city on the right bank while Tunisians settled on the left bank. In 1069 the Almoravids occupied Fès. They dismantled part of the walls and erected a single outer wall to merge the two cities. Fès has given its name to the fez, a brimless, red felt hat with a tassel, called a tarbush in Arabic. Hearing that the Ottoman Sultan was keen to abolish the turban with its Islamic associations, Grand Admiral Koja Husrev Mehmed Pasha returned from North Africa to Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1826 with some samples. It was not long before Mahmud II (1785–1839), Sultan (1808–39), issued the order that all Ottoman Turks were henceforth to wear the fez. It was abolished in 1925 by the first president of the Turkish Republic, Kemal Atatürk^†.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Fès." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Fès." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Fs.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Fès." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Fs.html

Learn more about citation styles

Fès

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Fès or Fez , Arab. Fas, city (1994 pop. 772,028), N central Morocco. In a rich agricultural region, it is connected by rail to Casablanca, Tangier, and Algeria. The city is noted for its Muslim art and its handicraft industries. It gave its name to the brimless felt caps that were formerly characteristic items of Muslim dress in the Middle East. Fès was the capital of several dynasties and reached its zenith under the Merinid sultans in the mid-14th cent. It declined under the Sa'adi and Filali dynasties, who chose Marrakech as their capital. Fès consists of the still vibrant old city (or medina; founded 808) and the new city (founded 1276), connected by walls. The city has more than 100 mosques; the mosque containing the shrine of Idris II, founder of the old city, is one of the holiest places in Morocco. The Qaraouiyine mosque is the center of a Muslim university that was especially influential in the Middle Ages. Fès is the destination of pilgrims who visit the many tombs of saints and scholars. The ulama, or religious council, of the city often played a role in the selection of the sultans of Morocco.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Fès." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Fès." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Fes.html

"Fès." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Fes.html

Learn more about citation styles

Fez

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Fez (Fès) City in n central Morocco. Founded in c.790, it is a former capital of Morocco and a sacred city of Islam containing many mosques. Industries: leather goods, pottery, traditional crafts, metal-working. Pop. (1994) 771,740.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Fez." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Fez." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Fez.html

"Fez." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Fez.html

Learn more about citation styles

fez

The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English | 2009 | Copyright

fez / fez/ • n. (pl. fez·zes ) a flat-topped conical red hat with a black tassel on top, worn by men in some Muslim countries (formerly the Turkish national headdress). DERIVATIVES: fezzed adj.

fez

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"fez." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"fez." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-fez005.html

"fez." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-fez005.html

Learn more about citation styles

fez

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | Copyright

fez crimson cap formerly worn in Turkey. XIX. — Turk. (perh. through F.); named after the town Fez in Morocco, once chief place of its manufacture.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

T. F. HOAD. "fez." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

T. F. HOAD. "fez." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-fez.html

T. F. HOAD. "fez." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-fez.html

Learn more about citation styles

Fes

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | Copyright

Fes (Ger.). The note F♭. Feses, F♭♭.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Fes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Fes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Fes.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Fes." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-Fes.html

Learn more about citation styles

Fez

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Fez see Fès , Morocco.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Fez." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Fez." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Fez.html

"Fez." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Fez.html

Learn more about citation styles

fes

A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology | 2004 | | Copyright

fes. Early Irish spelling of feis.

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

JAMES MacKILLOP. "fes." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAMES MacKILLOP. "fes." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-fes.html

JAMES MacKILLOP. "fes." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-fes.html

Learn more about citation styles

Fès

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Fès •Fès, fez, fraise, Kes, Les, Montez, says, sez, Varèse •Baez • Jabez • Boulez •Alvarez, Juárez •Peres • Gutiérrez •Cortés, Cortes

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"Fès." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Fès." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Fs.html

"Fès." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Fs.html

Learn more about citation styles

fez

fez •Fès, fez, fraise, Kes, Les, Montez, says, sez, Varèse •Baez • Jabez • Boulez •Alvarez, Juárez •Peres • Gutiérrez •Cortés, Cortes

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"fez." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"fez." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-fez.html

"fez." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-fez.html

Learn more about citation styles

FES

FES Federation of Engineering Societies
• Fellow of the Entomological Society
• Fellow of the Ethnological Society
• Fencing foil, épée, and sabre
• F(rederick) E(dwin) Smith, Earl of Birkenhead (1872–1930, British statesman and lawyer)

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "FES." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "FES." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-FES.html

Learn more about citation styles

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Stihl FS 100RX trimmer.(Trimmers, edgers & brush cutters) Magazine article from: PRO Magazine; 12/1/2005
	FS Cargo favours logistics over pure transport: FS Cargo is in transition as... Magazine article from: International Railway Journal; 5/1/2006
	KYOCERA MITA UNVEILS COMPACT FS-1800 TEAM PRINTER.(Product Announcement) Newspaper article from: PC Business Products; 4/1/2001