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Covenanter
Covenanter Originally a Scot who opposed the ecclesiastical innovations of Charles I of England. Drawn from all parts of Scotland and all sections of society, Covenanters subscribed to the National Covenant of 1638. This was a revised version of a previous covenant (1581), which had been signed by James VI of Scotland. They swore to resist ‘episcopal’ (the church governed by bishops) religious changes, and, in the event of such changes, they set up a full Presbyterian system and defended it in the BISHOPS' WARS. They hoped to impose their system on England in 1643, by drawing up the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT with the LONG PARLIAMENT. Disappointed in this, they turned in 1650 to Charles II, who signed the Covenant, but then abjured it at his RESTORATION (1660), condemning it as an unlawful oath. In Scotland in 1661 the episcopacy was re-established, and Covenanters were badly treated. In 1690, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland was established.
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"Covenanter." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Covenanter." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Covenanter.html "Covenanter." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Covenanter.html |
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covenanters
covenanters. As supporters of the Scottish National Covenant (1638) they sought to preserve presbyterianism in Scotland and oppose royal interference, in particular imposition of the ‘Laudian’ Prayer Book (1637). After defeating Charles I in the Bishops' wars (1639–40), they forced him to accept presbyterianism in Scotland. The New Model Army's sectarianism thwarted their attempt by the Solemn League and Covenant with Parliament (1643) to impose it on England. Though after Charles I's execution Charles II signed the covenant (1650), Cromwell's victorious army forced the Scots unwillingly to tolerate sectarianism. Revival of Scottish episcopacy (1662) was unpopular and short-lived; presbyterianism was restored (1690).
Revd Dr William M. Marshall |
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JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-covenanters.html JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-covenanters.html |
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Covenanters
Covenanters. Bodies of Presbyterians in Scotland who bound themselves by oath to maintain the cause of their religion. Various small covenants were signed between 1556 and 1562, leading up to the King's Confession of 1581. Charles I's attempt to introduce the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637 prompted the National Covenant of 1638. After the outbreak of the Civil War the English Parliament made an alliance with the Scots in terms of the Solemn League and Covenant (1643; q.v.). The persecution of Presbyterians in Scotland between 1661 and 1688 gave rise to further Covenants.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Covenanters.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Covenanters.html |
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Covenanters
Covenanters Scottish Presbyterians pledged by the National Covenant (1638) to uphold their religion. They opposed Charles I's efforts to impose an Anglican episcopal system and supported Parliament in the English Civil War, in exchange for a promise to introduce Presbyterianism in England and Ireland. The Scots changed sides when this promise was broken, but were defeated by Oliver Cromwell. Covenanter revolts against Charles II were suppressed, but Presbyterianism was restored in Scotland in 1688.
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"Covenanters." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Covenanters." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Covenanters.html "Covenanters." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Covenanters.html |
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covenanters
covenanters As supporters of the Scottish National Covenant (1638) they sought to preserve presbyterianism in Scotland. After defeating Charles I in the Bishops' wars (1639–40), they forced him to accept presbyterianism in Scotland. Though after Charles I's execution Charles II signed the covenant (1650), Cromwell's victorious army forced the Scots to tolerate sectarianism. Revival of Scottish episcopacy (1662) was unpopular; presbyterianism was restored (1690).
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-covenanters.html JOHN CANNON. "covenanters." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-covenanters.html |
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Covenanters
Covenanters. Scottish Presbyterians who expressed their convictions through the signing of covenants. In particular they signed the National Covenant of 1638 and the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643, defending the Reformed faith and in effect rejecting the imposition of episcopacy.
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JOHN BOWKER. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Covenanters.html JOHN BOWKER. "Covenanters." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Covenanters.html |
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Covenanter
Covenanter an adherent of the National Covenant (1638) or the Solemn League and Covenant (1643), upholding the organization of the Scottish Presbyterian Church.
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Covenanter." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Covenanter." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Covenanter.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Covenanter." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Covenanter.html |
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Covenanters
Covenanters, see reformed presbyterians.
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"Covenanters." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Covenanters." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-Covenanters.html "Covenanters." The Oxford Companion to Irish History. 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O245-Covenanters.html |
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covenanter
covenanter
•theatre (US theater)
•realtor
•amphitheatre (US amphitheater)
•proprietor, rioter
•breakfaster • comforter • Lancaster
•Doncaster
•Alasdair, baluster
•bardolater, idolater
•amateur, shamateur
•schemata • stigmata • automata
•traumata • covenanter
•Mahabharata • orator • warranter
•Alberta, asserter, Bizerta, converter, deserter, Goethe, inserter, kurta, perverter, reverter, subverter
•frankfurter
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"covenanter." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "covenanter." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-covenanter.html "covenanter." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-covenanter.html |
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