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Colchester
Colchester. First ‘capital’ of Roman Britain. Camulodunum was the site of the most important late Iron Age oppidum of southern Britain, seat of Cunobelinus (Cymbeline). After its surrender in ad 43 a legionary fortress was planted, succeeded in 49 by a colonia of retired legionaries living in the former barracks. A temple to the deified Claudius was under construction when the entire town was burned to the ground in the first fury of the revolt of Boudicca. Town and temple were reconstructed, the latter being one of the few in Britain in the fully Roman style. It was the seat of the imperial cult and concilium provinciae (provincial council) for all Britain, and associated with a theatre. Walls to demonstrate the status of the colonia were constructed early in the 2nd cent. The town developed as a prosperous regional seat, its houses sheltering a fine collection of late 2nd-cent. mosaics. In the 4th cent. the density of occupation declined, though a rare example of a Roman-period church has been found outside the south walls. Medieval legend claimed for the town Helena, mother of the Emperor Constantine I, as a daughter of Old King Coel.
Alan Simon Esmonde Cleary |
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JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Colchester.html JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Colchester.html |
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Colchester
Colchester, Canada, UK, USA 1. Canada (Ontario): named after the town in England.2. UK (England): the original name Colonia Victricensis meant the ‘Colony of the Victorious’ after the Romans defeated Queen Boudicca in 61. Colchester was the first Roman capital of Britain, but London became the capital after Boudicca's rebellion. The second British name, Camulodunum ‘Fortress of Camulos’ from dunum, honours the Celtic war god, Camulos. The next, Saxon, name, Colneceastre, meant ‘Roman Camp on the (River) Colne’. The name in the Domesday Book (1086), Colecestra, may be a shortening of the Latin colonia with ceaster.3. USA (Connecticutt): named after the town in England.4. USA (Illinois): originally Chester, ‘Col’ was added to distinguish it from another Chester in Randolph County.5. USA (Vermont): named after Viscount Tunbridge, Baron of Enfield and Colchester in the time of King George II†.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Colchester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Colchester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Colchester.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Colchester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Colchester.html |
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Colchester
Colchester , city (1991 pop. 87,476) and district, Essex, SE England, on the Colne River. The city is a grain and cattle market. The oyster fisheries of the Colne are important; an annual event is the October oyster feast. Other industries are flour milling, malting, and the making of boilers, gas engines, shoes, clothing, and farm machinery. Colchester was one of the great cities of pre-Roman Britain, the capital of the ruler Cunobelin (Shakespeare's Cymbeline). It became an important Roman colony and was the particular object of attack (AD 61) by Boadicea. To the Anglo-Saxons the place was known as Colneceaster. The witenagemot met there in 931. During the English civil war , the town was taken (1648) after a long siege by parliamentarians under Baron Fairfax of Cameron. Of interest are the preserved Roman walls and the massive Norman castle, part of which houses a museum of Roman antiquities. Colchester has a military base. |
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"Colchester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Colchester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Colchest.html "Colchester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Colchest.html |
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Colchester
Colchester Essex. Colneceastre early 10th cent., Colecestra 1086 (DB). ‘Roman town on the River Colne’. Ancient pre-English river-name (see Colne Engaine) + OE ceaster. Alternatively the first element may be a reduced form of Latin colonia ‘Roman colony for retired legionaries’ (the Romano-British name of Colchester being Colonia Camulodunum, this last being a British name meaning ‘fort of the Celtic war-god Camulos’).
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A. D. MILLS. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Colchester.html A. D. MILLS. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Colchester.html |
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Colchester
Colchester First ‘capital’ of Roman Britain. Camulodunum was the site of the most important late Iron Age oppidum of southern Britain, seat of Cunobelinus (Cymbeline). After its surrender in AD 43 a legionary fortress was planted. A temple to the deified Claudius was under construction when the entire town was burned to the ground in the revolt of Boudicca. Town and temple were reconstructed.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Colchester.html JOHN CANNON. "Colchester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Colchester.html |
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Colchester
Colchester Town on the River Colne, Essex, se England. The first Roman colony in Britain was settled here in ad 43, and was attacked by Boadicea in ad 61. It has a Roman wall and a fine Norman castle. It is a market centre for the surrounding agricultural and horticultural area. Pop. (2000 est.) 159,900.
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"Colchester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Colchester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Colchester.html "Colchester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Colchester.html |
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Colchester
Colchester
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•drifter, grifter, lifter, shifter, sifter, snifter, uplifter
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"Colchester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Colchester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 12, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Colchester.html "Colchester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 12, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Colchester.html |
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