French History

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable Further reading

Chouans

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Chouans [Norman Fr.,=owls], peasants of W France who rose against the French Revolutionary government in 1793. One of their first leaders was Jean Cottereau, traditionally nicknamed Jean Chouan, marquis de La Rouerie [John the owl, marquess of Mischief], and the Chouans supposedly used the hoot of an owl as a signal. The movement eventually merged with the contemporary rising in the Vendée . The Chouans were motivated by their opposition to specific policies of the new republican government that interfered with their way of life, including religious policy and enforcement of the conscription laws. The name Chouannerie continued to be used in reference to guerrilla warfare that lasted until Napoleon. The so-called Petite Chouannerie persisted until 1815, when Napoleon was forced to divert troops from Waterloo to quell it. Honoré de Balzac's novel Les Chouans pictures these people vividly.

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Chouan

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

Chouan a member of an irregular force maintaining a partisan resistance in the west of France against the Republican and Bonapartist governments. The name may be from that of Jean Chouan, said to be one of their leaders, or from chouan as an older form of chat-huant a species of owl.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Chouan." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Chouan." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Chouan.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Chouan." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Chouan.html

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