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Chongqing

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Chongqing or Chungking , city and independent municipality (2010 pop. 28,846,170), 592 sq mi (1,534 sq km), in SE Sichuan prov., China, at the junction of the Chang and Jialing rivers. It is administered directly by the national government. The commercial center of W China, it commands a large river trade. Surrounded on three sides by water, it is situated on a rock promontory. A flourishing industrial city, it was opened for direct foreign trade in 1979. In the 1980s it became the site of an economic experiment, where factory managers were given more decision-making power and allowed to channel profits into expansion, and the early 21st cent. saw Chongqing developed as China's largest inland urban area to provide economic opportunity for the surrounding region's poorer rural inhabitants.

Chongqing's industries include a large-scale integrated iron and steel complex, oil and copper refineries, motor vehicle and munitions factories, cotton and silk mills, chemical and cement plants, food-processing establishments, machine shops, paper mills, and tanneries. Large coal and iron mines and a major oil field are nearby. Its many institutions of higher learning include Chongqing Univ., Chongqing Technical Univ., and a medical college. The Chongqing Library and the Chongqing Municipal Museum are important cultural centers.

Chongqing was opened as a treaty port in 1891. In Nov., 1937, just before the Japanese capture of Nanjing in the Second Sino-Japanese War , the capital of China was transferred to Chongqing, where it remained until the end of hostilities. During that time administrative agencies, educational institutions, and industrial plants from all over the country were relocated in Chongqing and the population more than tripled. The city was taken by the Communists on Nov. 30, 1949.

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"Chongqing." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Chongqing

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Chongqing, Sichuan/China Yuzhou, Gongzhou Established as Yuzhou in 589, the present name means ‘Twice Blessed’ or ‘Repeated Celebration’ from chóng ‘double’ or ‘repeat’ and qìng ‘celebrate’. It was the custom that the place where the heir apparent resided when he ascended the throne would acquire the status of a prefecture at the same time. When the heir apparent Zhao Dun became Emperor Guangzong of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1190 Gongzhou became Chongqing prefecture, ‘Twice Blessed’, because both the retired emperor and his empress presided at the elevation ceremony. It has also been suggested that the name is doubly appropriate because of the city's dominant position between Nanzhong and Pengshui. The city was the wartime capital of Nationalist China (1938–46) and at that time the name was transliterated as Chungking.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chongqing." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chongqing." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Chongqing.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Chongqing." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Chongqing.html

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Chongqing

The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military | 2001 | Copyright

Chongqing Chungking a city in Sichuan province in central China. It was the capital of China from 1938 to 1946. Chongqing was the capital of the Nationalist Government during World War II. After the Japanese invaded Nanjing in November 1937, Chiang Kai-shek moved the Nationalist Government to Chongqing. The capital was returned to Nanjing in 1946, but moved to Chongqing again in October 1949 with the outbreak of fighting with the Communists. Chongqing fell under Communist control on November 30, 1949.

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Chongqing

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Chongqing See Chungking

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Chongqing New North Zone rated BB. News Wire article from: China Knowledge Newswires; 6/30/2011
	Chongqing New North Zone gets BB rating. News Wire article from: China Knowledge Newswires; 11/2/2010
	Chongqing Bishan Industrial Park rated BB. News Wire article from: China Knowledge Newswires; 6/28/2011