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Carol II
Carol II (b. 15 Oct. 1893, d. 4 Apr. 1953). King of Romania 1930–40 As crown prince, he was forced by a liberal regime to renounce the succession to the throne on the pretext of his relationship with a mistress, but in reality because of his anti-liberal views. He returned from exile in 1930 and was accepted as king by the new right-wing government of Maniu, albeit with considerable reluctance. In response to the co-operation of the popular National Peasants' Party and the Iron Guard, he argued that constitutional rule had become practically impossible, and created a royal dictatorship in 1937. His new constitution, which abolished all political parties and created a corporatist state, was accepted in a plebiscite in 1938. He ventured to keep the country out of World War II, restricting the country's role to that of Nazi Germany's major supplier of oil. To maintain this policy, he acquiesced in Stalin's demands and ceded Bessarabia and Bukovina to the Soviet Union on 28 June 1940. A few weeks later, as a result of the second Vienna Award, Romania lost the most important areas of Transylvania to Hungary. On 7 September 1940 the territorial carnage came to an end with the cession of southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria. Nationalist opinion was unable to stomach this, and he was forced to abdicate. He died in exile in Lisbon.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Carol II." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Carol II." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CarolII.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Carol II." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CarolII.html |
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Carol II
Carol II 1893-1953, king of Romania, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie . While crown prince, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Zizi Labrino but divorced her to marry (1921) Princess Helen of Greece. He soon formed a liaison with Magda Lupescu , with whom he lived in Paris after being forced (1925) to renounce his right of succession. On the death (1927) of King Ferdinand, Carol's son Michael became king, but Carol, having divorced Queen Helen in 1928, returned to Romania in 1930, supplanted his son, and had himself proclaimed king de jure since 1927. A turbulent period began (see Romania ). In 1938, Carol formed a royal dictatorship. A contest between the king and the fascist Iron Guard ensued, with assassinations and massacres on both sides. Forced to call on Ion Antonescu to form a government (1940), Carol was deposed and fled abroad with Lupescu, whom he finally married in Brazil in 1947. Michael once more became king. Carol died in Portugal, but his remains were returned to Romania in 2003. |
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"Carol II." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carol II." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Carol2.html "Carol II." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Carol2.html |
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Carol II
Carol II (1893–1953) King of Romania (1930–40), grandnephew of Carol I. In 1925 he renounced the throne. He returned in 1930 and supplanted his son Michael as king, despite liberal opposition and economic crisis. Carol II supported fascism. He aimed to become dictator, but German pressure forced him to abdicate in favour of his son Michael in 1940, leaving power in the hands of the Romanian fascist leader, Ion Antonescu.
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Cite this article
"Carol II." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carol II." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-CarolII.html "Carol II." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-CarolII.html |
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Carol II
Carol II (1893–1953) King of Romania (1930–40). The great-nephew of CAROL I, he was exiled in 1925 for his scandalous domestic life. In 1930 he returned as king, and established a royal dictatorship inspired by intense admiration of MUSSOLINI. In 1940 he was forced to cede large parts of his kingdom to the AXIS POWERS, and to abdicate in favour of his son, Michael.
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Cite this article
"Carol II." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Carol II." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CarolII.html "Carol II." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CarolII.html |
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