Music: History, Composers, and Performers: Biographies

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Ruggles, Carl

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music | 1996 | | Copyright

Ruggles, Carl [ Charles Sprague] (b East Marion, Mass., 1876; d Bennington, Vermont, 1971). Amer. composer. Earned living as youth as violinist in Boston th. orchs. Cond. Winona, Minn., SO 1908–12. Moved to NY 1917 and thereafter concentrated on comp. His works were perf. at Varèse's int. composers’ guild concerts. Became friend of Ives. Taught comp. at Univ. of Miami 1938–43. His mus. is uncompromisingly dissonant and employed atonal principles long before their general acceptance. Wrote few works, being slow and conscientious worker, discarding many attempts. Prin. comps.:ORCH.: Men and Angels (1920: Men destroyed; Angels for 6 tpt., rev. 4 tpt., 3 tb., 1938); Suntreader (1926–31), rev. as Men of Men and Mountains; Men and Mountains, small orch. (1924), rev. large orch. 1936, rev. 1941 (comprises Men; Lilacs for str.; Marching Mountains); Portals for 13 str. (1925), rev. str. orch. 1929, further rev. 1941 and 1952–3; Organum (1944–7).VOICE & ORCH.: Vox clamans in deserto, sop., small orch. (1923, comprises Parting at Morning (Browning), Son of Mine (Meltzer), A Clear Midnight (Whitman)).SONG: Toys, v., pf. (1919).CHAMBER MUSIC: Mood, vn., pf. (c.1918).PIANO: Evocations, 4 chants (1935–43, rev. 1954), No.2 orch. 1942, others later.

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Ruggles, Carl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Ruggles, Carl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-RugglesCarl.html

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE. "Ruggles, Carl." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 1996. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O76-RugglesCarl.html

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Carl Ruggles

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Carl Ruggles 1876-1971, American composer, b. Marion, Mass. Ruggles studied music at Harvard and was a friend of Charles Ives. His works are highly original, characterized by complex textures and jagged outlines. He wrote relatively little and later disavowed the music he had written before 1918. His best-known pieces include Men and Mountains (1924) and Sun-Treader (1932), for orchestra; Angels, for muted brass (1921); and Evocations (1934-43), for piano.

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"Carl Ruggles." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Carl Ruggles." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-RugglesC.html

"Carl Ruggles." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-RugglesC.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	A vast simplicity; the music of Carl Ruggles.(Brief article)(Book review) Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 11/1/2009
	STRING POETIC Magazine article from: Modern Brewery Age; 9/1/2008
	Flying high without a safety net. Newspaper article from: The Mail on Sunday (London, England); 9/3/2000