|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries: |
Research categories | Follow us on Twitter |
Research categories
View all topics in the newsView all reference sources at Encyclopedia.com |
|||
Cambridge
CAMBRIDGECAMBRIDGE, a town in the Massachusetts Bay Colony originally known as Newtowne, was settled in 1630 by a group of seven hundred Puritans from England who were determined to create a pure religious foundation in the New World. Originally governed by John Winthrop, who abandoned the town for Boston, Newtowne was a well-organized town, with a system of streets laid out in a grid pattern, including a marketplace, Winthrop Square. At the beginning of the twenty-first century the town was bounded by Eliot Square, Linden Street, Massachusetts Avenue, and the Charles River. In 1636, Harvard College was founded to educate young men in the ministry. By the time of the American Revolution, Cambridge had become a farming community, but after the fighting began on 19 April 1775, more than twenty thousand armed militia members from New England arrived in Cambridge. Soldiers, including George Washington's army, camped on the Cambridge Commons and were quartered in the Harvard College buildings until April 1776. In 1846, Cambridge became a city, unifying three towns: rural Old Cambridge; residential Cambridgeport, home to William Lloyd Garrison; and East Cambridge, developed in 1809 after the completion of the Canal Bridge. This town would be the chief industrial center of the city until the 1880s. The growth of urban housing and the influx of eastern European and Irish immigrants, as well as the construction of the East Cambridge jail, led to an impetus for prison reform, with Dorothea Dix at the forefront of this movement. Cambridge has always been an innovator, including the integration of its school system, which enticed many African Americans to move there. Harriet Jacobs, author of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, ran a boardinghouse in the 1870s in Cambridge. Twenty-first-century Cambridge has retained its charm and maintains a culturally diverse population of approximately ninety-five thousand. Home to Harvard, Radcliffe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Lesley College, Cambridge attracts students from all over the world and has become a center for biotechnology and software research. BIBLIOGRAPHYBurton, John Daniel. Puritan Town and Gown: Harvard College and Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1636–1800. Ph.D. diss. Williamsburg, Va.: College of William and Mary, 1996. ———. "The Awful Judgements of God upon the Land: Smallpox in Colonial Cambridge." New England Quarterly 74 (September 2001): 495–507. Paige, Lucius R. History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630–1877. Boston: Houghton, 1877. Rev. ed. 1930. JenniferHarrison See alsoHarvard University ; Massachusetts Bay Colony . |
|
|
Cite this article
"Cambridge." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cambridge." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401800643.html "Cambridge." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401800643.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge city (1991 pop. 87,111) and district, Cambridgeshire, E central England, on the River Cam. The city, set in flat country, is most famous as the site of the Univ. of Cambridge , and tourism is an economic mainstay. Originally the site of a Roman military camp, Cambridge was an administrative and trading center in Anglo-Saxon times. William I had a fort and mint constructed, and two monastic establishments were built in early medieval times. The university was founded in the 13th cent. Central Cambridge still maintains much of its medieval atmosphere and appearance. Its noted medieval churches include St. Benet's or Bene't's, the oldest, dating from the late Saxon period; St. Edward's (begun 12th cent.), where Hugh Latimer preached; St. Mary the Great (1478), the university church; and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, one of four Norman round churches in England. Cambridge also has varied light industries. High-technology firms, drawing on the university's scientific prominence, have multiplied in recent years, and the city has come to be called "Silicon Fen." |
|
|
Cite this article
"Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CambrdgEng.html "Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CambrdgEng.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge. The city, of Roman origin, had a remarkable number of churches and religious houses by the central Middle Ages. When Cambridgeshire was split from the diocese of Lincoln in 1109, its first bishop settled at Ely but the link between Ely and Cambridge was close; it was probably the bishop's clerks who provided hospitality in Cambridge for students escaping riots in Oxford in 1209, and so founded the University of Cambridge. The first college, Peterhouse, was founded in 1284. The university won royal patronage, but until the 15th cent. remained modest in comparison with Oxford. Many of the leaders of the Reformation came from Cambridge, including Abp. T. Cranmer, as did leading Anglicans of the 16th and 17th cents. In the 19th cent. it played a part in the evangelical revival, especially through the influence of C. Simeon, and later nurtured a series of eminent biblical scholars. See also following entries.
|
|
|
Cite this article
E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cambridge." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cambridge." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Cambridge.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Cambridge." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Cambridge.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge, Canada, Jamaica, New Zealand, UK, USA 1. UK (England): the original name, Grantacaestir, indicated a Roman fort, ceaster, on the River Granta. Later it became Grontabricc ‘Bridge over the Granta’ from the Celtic river name, whose meaning is unknown, and brycg. By the time of the Domesday Book (1086) the name had become Cantebrigie. The switch from ‘Granta’ to ‘Cam’ took place during Norman rule and this applied to the city before the Granta became the River Cam; thus the river name was a back‐formation from the place‐name. The county of Cambridgeshire took its name from the city, the most important in the district, with the additional scīr.2. The other towns with this name, eleven of which are in the USA, are generally named after the English university city or various Dukes of Cambridge.
|
|
|
Cite this article
JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Cambridge." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Cambridge." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Cambridge.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Cambridge." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Cambridge.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge (Originally Newe Towne), Mass., is situated on the bank of the Charles River opposite Boston. It was founded (1636) by members of the Massachusetts Bay Company, and renamed (1638) in honor of the English university town, following the establishment of Harvard College. It has always been an intellectual center, and was the home of the first printing press in the English colonies, established by Stephen Daye. Craigie House, a colonial mansion occupied by Washington (1775) and later the home of Longfellow (1837–82), is situated there. Since Harvard, Radcliffe, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are all located there, it is not only a great center of higher education but a major axis for research in all fields of knowledge.
|
|
|
Cite this article
James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Cambridge." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Cambridge." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-Cambridge.html James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Cambridge." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-Cambridge.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge , city (1991 pop. 92,772), S Ont., Canada, on the Grand River, NW of Hamilton. It was formed in 1973 with the amalgamation of Galt, Hespeler, and Preston, all founded in the early 19th cent., and parts of Waterloo and North Dumfries townships. Cambridge is heavily industrialized, with manufactures such as textiles, chemicals, automobiles, and plastics. With Waterloo - Kitchener and Guelph , Cambridge makes up the "Canadian Technology Triangle." |
|
|
Cite this article
"Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CambrdgCan.html "Cambridge." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CambrdgCan.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge Cambs. Grontabricc c.745, Cantebrigie 1086 (DB). ‘Bridge on the River Granta’. Celtic river-name (see Grantchester) + OE brycg. The change from Grant- to Cam- is due to Norman influence. Cambridgeshire (OE scīr ‘district’) is first referred to in the 11th cent. The later river-name Cam is a ‘back-formation’ from the place-name.
|
|
|
Cite this article
A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Cambridge.html A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Cambridge.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge City on the River Cam, county town of Cambridgeshire, e England. The University of Cambridge is one of the world's leading institutions. Industries: precision engineering, electronics, printing, publishing. Pop. (2002 est.) 99,900.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Cambridge." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cambridge." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Cambridge.html "Cambridge." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Cambridge.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge Glos. Cambrigga 1200–10. ‘Bridge over the River Cam’. Celtic river-name (see Cam) + OE brycg.
|
|
|
Cite this article
A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Cambridge1.html A. D. MILLS. "Cambridge." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Cambridge1.html |
|
Cambridge
Cambridge
•carriage, disparage, Harwich, intermarriage, marriage, miscarriage
•undercarriage
•cartridge, partridge
•Selfridge • Cambridge • Bainbridge
•Knightsbridge • umpirage
•borage, forage, Norwich, porridge
•Oxbridge • storage • drawbridge
•Trowbridge • tollbridge • footbridge
•courage, demurrage, encourage
•umbrage • suffrage
•peerage, steerage
•sewerage • moorage
•harbourage (US harborage)
•pasturage • pilferage • anchorage
•acreage • vicarage • brokerage
•cellarage • Coleridge
•haemorrhage (US hemorrhage)
•amperage • factorage • hectarage
•litreage (US literage), metreage (US meterage) • fosterage
•porterage, quarterage
•tutorage • average
•beverage, Beveridge
•leverage • overage • coverage
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Cambridge." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 30 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cambridge." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 30, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Cambridge.html "Cambridge." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Cambridge.html |
|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries:
HighBeam™ Research, Inc. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
The Encyclopedia.com advertising network includes:
