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Calcutta
Calcutta (Kolkata; Bengali: Kālīkāta or Kālīghāta), India, USA India (West Bengal): the conventional English name is the Anglicized version of Kālīkāta which is said to be derived from the Bengali Kālīkshetra ‘Kālī's Dwelling Place’ or in this case ‘Shrine’, or from Kāli‐ghat. Kālī, in Sanskrit, means ‘black’ and ghaṭṭa ‘place of access’ or ‘steps’ to indicate the steps going down from Kālī's temple to the water. Kālī is the ferocious Hindu goddess of the dead. The city was founded by Job Charnock in 1690; he was the local agent of the English East India Company and he wanted to establish a trading post in Bengal. He selected the site of three villages, one of which was called Kalikātā. The settlers' defensive fortification, begun in 1697, came to be known as Fort William, after William III† in 1700. After the city was sacked by the Nawab (ruler) of Bengal in 1756, he placed over 100 Europeans in a small room—the so‐called Black Hole of Calcutta; only a few survived. The city was recaptured the following year by Robert Clive (1725–74), later 1st Baron Clive of Plassey, who went on to defeat the Nawab at the Battle of Plassey in June, thus securing the future of the East India Company's operations in Bengal. Calcutta was one of three Presidencies of the Company (the others were Bombay and Madras) and was the capital of British India between 1772 and 1912. The city gave its name to the Calcutta Cup, the trophy given to the victor in the annual rugby union match between England and Scotland. Originally the cup belonged to the Calcutta Football Club which presented it to the Rugby Football Union in 1878. In August 1999 West Bengal MPs voted to bring the name into line with Bengali pronunciation. The Bengali name is usually spelt Kolkata in the international arena.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Calcutta." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Calcutta." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Calcutta.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Calcutta." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Calcutta.html |
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Calcutta
Calcutta City on the River Hooghly, e India; capital of West Bengal state. Founded c.1690 by the East India Company, it was the capital of India under British rule (1772–1912). The major port and industrial centre of e India, Calcutta has several important temples. Industries: jute milling, electrical equipment, chemicals, paper, cotton textiles. Pop. (2001) 4,580,544.
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"Calcutta." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Calcutta." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Calcutta.html "Calcutta." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Calcutta.html |
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Calcutta
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Cite this article
JOHN BOWKER. "Calcutta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Calcutta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Calcutta.html JOHN BOWKER. "Calcutta." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Calcutta.html |
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Calcutta
Calcutta India: see Kolkata . |
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"Calcutta." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Calcutta." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Calcutta.html "Calcutta." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-X-Calcutta.html |
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Calcutta
Calcutta
•exploiter, goitre (US goiter), loiter, reconnoitre (US reconnoiter), Reuter
•anointer, appointer, jointer, pointer
•cloister, hoister, oyster, roister
•accoutre (US accouter), commuter, computer, disputer, hooter, looter, neuter, pewter, polluter, recruiter, refuter, rooter, saluter, scooter, shooter, souter, suitor, tooter, transmuter, tutor, uprooter
•booster, rooster
•doomster • freebooter • sharpshooter
•peashooter • six-shooter
•troubleshooter • prosecutor
•persecutor • prostitutor
•telecommuter
•footer, putter
•Gupta • Worcester • Münster
•pussyfooter • executor
•contributor, distributor
•collocutor, interlocutor
•abutter, aflutter, butter, Calcutta, clutter, constructor, cutter, flutter, gutter, mutter, nutter, scutter, shutter, splutter, sputter, strutter, stutter, utter
•abductor, conductor, destructor, instructor, obstructor
•insulter
•Arunta, Bunter, chunter, Grantha, grunter, Gunter, hunter, junta, punter, shunter
•corrupter, disrupter, interrupter
•sculptor
•adjuster, Augusta, bluster, buster, cluster, Custer, duster, fluster, lustre (US luster), muster, thruster, truster
•huckster • Ulster • dumpster
•funster, Munster, punster
•funkster, youngster
•gangbuster • filibuster • blockbuster
•semiconductor • headhunter
•woodcutter
•lacklustre (US lackluster)
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"Calcutta." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Calcutta." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Calcutta.html "Calcutta." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Calcutta.html |
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