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Cairo Conference (1921)
CAIRO CONFERENCE (1921)
The Cairo Conference was convened by Winston Churchill, then Britain's colonial secretary. With the mandates of Palestine and Iraq awarded to Britain at the San Remo Conference (1920), Churchill wished to consult with Middle East experts, and at his request, Gertrude Bell, Sir Percy Cox, T. E. Lawrence, Sir Kinahan Cornwallis, Sir Arnold T. Wilson, Iraqi minister of war Jaʿfar alAskari, Iraqi minister of finance Sasun Effendi (Sasson Heskayl), and others gathered in Cairo, Egypt, in March 1921. The two most significant decisions of the conference were to offer the throne of Iraq to Amir Faisal ibn Hussein (who became Faisal I) and the emirate of Transjordan (now Jordan) to his brother Abdullah I ibn Hussein. Furthermore, the British garrison in Iraq would be substantially reduced and replaced by air force squadrons, with a major base at Habbaniyya. The conference provided the political blueprint for British administration in both Iraq and Transjordan, and in offering these two regions to the Hashimite sons of Sharif Husayn ibn Ali of the Hijaz, Churchill believed that the spirit, if not the letter, of Britain's wartime promises to the Arabs would be fulfilled. see also abdullah i ibn hussein; askari, jaʿfar al-; bell, gertrude; churchill, winston s.; cox, percy; faisal i ibn hussein; heskayl, sasson; lawrence, t. e.; san remo conference (1920); wilson, arnold t. BibliographyFromkin, David. A Peace to End All Peace. New York: H. Holt, 1989. Klieman, Aaron S. Foundations of British Policy in the Arab World: The Cairo Conference of 1921. London: Johns Hopkins, 1970. Zachary Karabell |
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Karabell, Zachary. "Cairo Conference (1921)." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. Karabell, Zachary. "Cairo Conference (1921)." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600629.html Karabell, Zachary. "Cairo Conference (1921)." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600629.html |
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Cairo Conferences
CAIRO CONFERENCESCAIRO CONFERENCES. On their way to the Teheran Conference, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill met with Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek at Cairo in November 1943 to discuss the war against Japan. During the meeting at Cairo, Roosevelt hoped to provide symbolic—rather than additional material—support to Chiang's embattled regime. In contrast, Chiang hoped to use the conference as a forum to persuade Roosevelt to devote more Allied resources to the fighting on the Asian mainland, particularly in China and Burma. The three conferees issued a declaration of intent: to take from Japan all of the Pacific islands occupied by it since 1914; to restore to China all territory seized by Japan, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores Islands; and to give Korea its independence "in due course." Despite the broad statement of war aims, however, the main focus of the Allied military effort against Japan remained the islands of the Central and South Pacific, rather than the expulsion of Japanese forces from China. Returning from Teheran, Roosevelt and Churchill met in December with President Ismet Inönü of Turkey at the second Cairo Conference and unsuccessfully attempted to persuade him to declare war on the Axis powers. BIBLIOGRAPHYDallek, Robert. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. Smith, Gaddis. American Diplomacy During the Second World War, 1941–1945. New York: Wiley, 1965. Charles S.Campbell/a. g. See alsoJapan, Relations with ; Teheran Conference . |
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"Cairo Conferences." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cairo Conferences." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401800632.html "Cairo Conferences." Dictionary of American History. 2003. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3401800632.html |
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Cairo Conference
Cairo Conference the meetings of world leaders held in Cairo, Egypt, in November and December 1943, during World War II. The first conference was held November 22–26, 1943, with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese President Chiang Kai-shek. They discussed their goal of winning unconditional Japanese surrender and the return of territories Japan had captured, as well as Korea's independence. Roosevelt and Churchill also talked about plans for the invasion of Normandy. During the second conference, held December 2–7, Roosevelt and Churchill attempted to win Turkish President Ismet Inönü over to the Allied cause.
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"Cairo Conference." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cairo Conference." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-CairoConference.html "Cairo Conference." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-CairoConference.html |
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Cairo Conference (World War II)
Cairo Conference (World War II) (22–6 Nov. 1943) A prelude to the Tehran Conference, it was attended by US President Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister, Churchill. Also attended by Chiang Kai-shek, its principal aim was to decide on policy for the Far East. This included the demand for unconditional surrender by Japan, the return of Taiwan and Manchuria to China (Manchukuo), and Japanese withdrawal from its colonies of Korea and Taiwan and from its League of Nations Mandates, which included much of Micronesia. These resolutions were incorporated into the Cairo Declaration of 1 December 1943.
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JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cairo Conference (World War II)." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cairo Conference (World War II)." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CairoConferenceWorldWarII.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Cairo Conference (World War II)." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-CairoConferenceWorldWarII.html |
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Cairo Conference
Cairo Conference Nov. 22–26, 1943, World War II meeting of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of China at Cairo, Egypt. A joint declaration pledged continuation of the war against Japan until unconditional Japanese surrender, forswore territorial ambitions, and promised to strip Japan of all territory acquired since 1895. Korea was to receive independence "in due course." The Tehran Conference was held immediately afterward. |
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"Cairo Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cairo Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CairoCon.html "Cairo Conference." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-CairoCon.html |
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Cairo Conference
Cairo Conference (22–26 November 1943) A World War II meeting, attended by ROOSEVELT, CHURCHILL, and CHIANG KAI-SHEK, to decide on post-war policy for the Far East. Unconditional surrender by Japan was its prerequisite; Manchuria was to be returned to China and Korea to its own people. At a second conference Roosevelt and Churchill met President Inönü of Turkey and confirmed that country's independence. The TEHERAN CONFERENCE was held immediately afterwards.
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"Cairo Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Cairo Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CairoConference.html "Cairo Conference." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-CairoConference.html |
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Cairo conference
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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Cairo conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Cairo conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Cairoconference.html I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Cairo conference." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Cairoconference.html |
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