French Political Geography

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Caen

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Caen , city (1990 pop. 115,624), capital of Calvados dept., N France, in Normandy, on the Orne River. It is a busy port, canalized (by Napoleon I) directly to the sea. The commercial center of the rich Calvados region, it is highly industrialized, with a thermal power station and extensive steelworks along the Orne; the nearby iron-ore mines are among the largest in France. The city's manufactures include motor vehicle parts, electronic gear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and paper. Caen's importance dates from the 11th cent., when it was a favorite residence of William I of England (William the Conqueror). During the French Revolution it was a rallying place for the federalists; Charlotte Corday lived there.

The town, an architectural gem, was largely destroyed by bombardment during the Normandy campaign of World War II; the 14th-century Church of St. Peter's lost its famous spire, while the castle of William the Conqueror and the town hall (17th cent.) were destroyed beyond repair. However, three outstanding examples of 11th-century Norman architecture were preserved: the Abbaye aux Hommes [men's abbey], founded by William the Conqueror, who is buried there; the Abbaye aux Dames [women's abbey], founded by Queen Matilda; and the Church of St. Nicholas. The university (founded 1432 and also destroyed) has been rebuilt; in 1964 its technical institute became the National School of Advanced Electronics and Electromechanic Studies. A school of hydrography is also in Caen.

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"Caen." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Caen.html

"Caen." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Caen.html

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Caen

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Caen, Lower Normandy/France Catumagos ‘Battlefield’ from the Gaulish catu ‘battle’ and magos ‘field’ or ‘plain’. The most recent example of it being a battlefield was just after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 when Caen was crucial to the German defence; consequently, it suffered severe damage.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Caen." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Caen." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Caen.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Caen." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Caen.html

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Caen

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

Caen a city and river port in Normandy in northern France, on the River Orne, which is the burial place of William the Conqueror. The town was the scene of fierce fighting between the Germans and the Allies in June and July 1944.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Caen." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Caen." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Caen.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Caen." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Caen.html

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Caen

A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture | 2000 | | Copyright

Caen. Soft, fine-grained, easily worked limestone from near Caen, Normandy, used in the fabric of a surprising number of English medieval buildings (e.g. Canterbury and Norwich Cathedrals).

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JAMES STEVENS CURL. "Caen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JAMES STEVENS CURL. "Caen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-Caen.html

JAMES STEVENS CURL. "Caen." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O1-Caen.html

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Caen

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Caen •aide-de-camp, aides-de-camp, anon, Asunción, au courant, begone, Bonn, bon vivant, Caen, Canton, Carcassonne, Ceylon, chaconne, chateaubriand, ci-devant, Colón, colon, Concepción, con (US conn), cretonne, don, Duchamp, Evonne, foregone, fromage blanc, Gabon, Garonne, gone, guenon, hereupon, Inchon, Jean, john, Jon, Le Mans, León, Luzon, Mont Blanc, Narbonne, odds-on, on, outgone, outshone, Perón, phon, piñon, Pinot Blanc, plafond, Ramón, Saigon, Saint-Saëns, Sand, Schwann, scone, shone, side-on, sine qua non, Sorbonne, spot-on, swan, thereon, thereupon, ton, Toulon, undergone, upon, Villon, wan, whereon, whereupon, won, wonton, yon, Yvonne •crayon, rayon •Leon, Lyons, neon, prion •Ceredigion • Mabinogion • nucleon •Amiens • dupion • parathion •Laocoon •gluon, Rouen •bon-bon • Audubon

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	6 Lower bounds based on de Caen's inequality and recent... Magazine article from: Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory; 8/1/2006
	The battle for Caen.(World War II) Magazine article from: Esprit de Corps; 8/1/2004
	Kesey, Kerouac, and Caen.(LETTERS)(Letter to the editor) Magazine article from: American Scholar; 4/24/2012