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Brest
Brest , formerly Brest-Litovsk , Pol. Brześć nad Bugiem, city (1989 pop. 258,016), capital of Brest region, W Belarus, at the confluence of the Western Bug and Mukhavets rivers near the Polish border. As a point of entry into Belarus, it has industrial, commercial, and transportation concerns. Industries include food processing and the production of metals, textiles, and electrical machinery. Founded by Slavs in 1017 as Bereste, the city was conquered by the Mongols in 1241 and by Lithuania in 1319. During the 14th cent. it was renamed Brest-Litovsk. In 1569 it became capital of the newly merged Polish and Lithuanian state. Brest passed to Russia in the third partition of Poland (1795). German forces took the city in 1915 and three years later signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Soviet Russia there. Held by Poland between the world wars, Brest was regained by the USSR in 1939, occupied by Germany from 1941-44, and finally liberated by the Soviet army. |
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"Brest." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Brest." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-BrestByel.html "Brest." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-BrestByel.html |
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Brest-Litovsk
Brest-Litovsk, Polish (Brésć nad Bugiem) fortress town on the River Bug, scene of the Russo-German peace treaty of 3 March 1918, which was remarkably favourable to Germany. It was relinquished by Germany to the USSR at the end of the Polish campaign in October 1939, when the Gestapo and NKVD exchanged parties of refugees. At the start of the German–Soviet war in June 1941 (see BARBAROSSA), NKVD frontier troops and elements of two Red Army divisions stubbornly held out in the old fortress until 27 June, causing the 45th German Infantry Division heavy losses. It was reoccupied by the Red Army in July 1944. As Brest, it remained part of the USSR after the war. Post-war Soviet propaganda alleged that the siege had lasted until 20 July, or even later; in 1965 the town received the title of ‘hero-fortress’.
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Cite this article
I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Brest-Litovsk." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Brest-Litovsk." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-BrestLitovsk.html I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Brest-Litovsk." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-BrestLitovsk.html |
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Brest
Brest (formerly Brest-Litovsk) City and port at the confluence of the Bug and Muchavec rivers, near the Polish border, w Belarus. It was the site of the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Industries: food processing, sawmilling, textiles. Pop. (1999) 300,400.
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Cite this article
"Brest." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Brest." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Brest.html "Brest." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Brest.html |
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