Private Organizations

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations Further reading

Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks fraternal and charitable society founded (1868) in New York City. Through the Elks National Foundation, located in Chicago, the group carries on a broad-ranging program of charity and welfare, giving to such organizations as the Salvation Army, the Red Cross, and the Boy and Girl Scouts. The Elks also sponsors health, veterans, and college scholarship programs, as well as various local community service activities. The organization has about 1.3 million members in more than 2,200 local lodges. Its official Elks Magazine, is published monthly. Membership in the society, originally limited to white males, was opened to all male U.S. citizens in 1973 and to women, who had previously belonged only to lodge auxiliaries, in 1995.

Bibliography: See M. Carnes, Secret Ritual and Manhood in Victorian America (1989).

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BPOE

The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations | 1998 | | Copyright

BPOE (USA) Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks

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FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "BPOE." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

FRAN ALEXANDER , PETER BLAIR , JOHN DAINTITH , ALICE GRANDISON , VALERIE ILLINGWORTH , ELIZABETH MARTIN , ANNE STIBBS , JUDY PEARSALL , and SARA TULLOCH. "BPOE." The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations. 1998. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O25-BPOE.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Exalted Elks dynasty.(Springfield Extra) Newspaper article from: The Register Guard (Eugene, OR); 4/30/2009
	Time takes its toll on once-crowded Elks Lodge The Arlington Heights lodge... Newspaper article from: Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL); 4/11/2005
	El Volcan: former Elks Lodge reopens as nightclub. Magazine article from: Wenatchee Business Journal; 10/1/2006