Biblical Proper Names

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Further reading

Ḥasidei Ashkenaz

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | Copyright

Ḥasidei Ashkenaz. 12th- and 13th-cent. movement within German Jewry. The Ḥasidei Ashkenaz, which was made up of many like-minded groups, originated in Regensberg and spread to Speyer, Worms, and Mainz, and then to the rest of Germany. It produced ethical works, such as Sefer Ḥasidim (Book of the Pious), and esoteric mystical works, such as Sefer Ḥayyim (Book of Life). Prominent leaders include Samuel b. Kalonymus he-Ḥasid (late 12th cent.). The movement was influenced by merkabah mysticism and by the works of Abraham ibn Ezra and Sa`adiah Gaon. It rejected all anthropomorphic descriptions of God and maintained that divine powers were immanent in all creation.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Ḥasidei Ashkenaz." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Ḥasidei Ashkenaz." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-asideiAshkenaz.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Ḥasidei Ashkenaz." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-asideiAshkenaz.html

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Ashkenaz

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Ashkenaz , eponym of a people perhaps localized in Armenia. He was grandson of Japheth. Gen. 10.3. Ashchenaz: 1 Chron. 1.6; Jer. 51.27. In modern times the term Ashkenazim refers to the German Jews as distinguished from the Sephardim, the Jews of Spain and Portugal. For the history of the Ashkenazim, see Jews .

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"Ashkenaz." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 25 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Ashkenaz." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 25, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Ashkenaz.html

"Ashkenaz." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Ashkenaz.html

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