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Arras
Arras , city (1990 pop. 42,715), capital of Pas-de-Calais dept., and historic capital of Artois, N France, on the canalized Scarpe River. It is a communications, farm, and industrial center, with oil works and factories making machinery, metal products, and esparto goods. Of Gallo-Roman origin, it became an episcopal see c.500. It was granted (1180) a commercial charter by the crown and enjoyed international importance in banking and trade. By the 14th cent. it had become a center of wealth and culture, renowned particularly for tapestry . It was nearly destroyed during the wars between Burgundy and France (15th cent.), which ended with the Treaty of Arras (1435). Occupied (1492) by the Spaniards, Arras was conquered (1630) by the French; French possession was confirmed (1659) in the Peace of the Pyrenees. Heavy bombardments in World War I destroyed much of the town, and it was further damaged in World War II. Nevertheless it retains much of its old Spanish-Flemish flavor. The town square, bordered by 17th-century buildings, forms a notable ensemble of Flemish architecture. The damaged town hall (16th cent.) and the Abbey of St. Vaast (18th cent.; now housing a museum) have been restored. The house where Robespierre was born still stands. A school of agriculture is there. |
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"Arras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Arras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Arras.html "Arras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Arras.html |
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Arras tapestries
Arras tapestries. Tapestries produced in the 14th and 15th centuries at Arras in northern France. They are first mentioned in 1313 and their pre-eminent reputation during the later Middle Ages is attested by the fact that the name of the town passed into several European languages as a generic term for tapestry hangings (Polonius is hiding ‘behind the arras’ when he is killed by Hamlet). However, production was in decline by the mid-15th century (Tournai had become the leading centre of the art) and the industry was brought to an end when Louis XI of France captured Arras in 1477 (at this time it was part of Burgundy) and expelled the citizens. Subsequent attempts to re-establish it bore little fruit. A number of surviving tapestries have been ascribed to Arras looms, but the only one that is documented is that in Tournai Cathedral depicting the lives of Sts Piat and Eleutherius; it formerly bore the signature of Pierrot Feré of Arras and the date 1402.
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IAN CHILVERS. "Arras tapestries." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. IAN CHILVERS. "Arras tapestries." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O2-Arrastapestries.html IAN CHILVERS. "Arras tapestries." The Oxford Dictionary of Art. 2004. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O2-Arrastapestries.html |
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Arras
Arras, Nord‐Pas‐de‐Calais/France Nemetacum/Nemetocenna The original Celtic name comes from nemeton ‘sacred grove’ or ‘sanctuary’. It was later renamed after the Atrebates, a tribe in north‐east Gaul. Their name comes from trebu ‘tribe’. They were one of the last tribes to acknowledge Julius Caesar's† authority. The Peace of Arras in 1482 fixed the northern borders of modern France. The town was finally confirmed as French at the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees which ended the Franco‐Spanish War (1648–59).
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arras." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arras." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Arras.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Arras." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Arras.html |
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arras
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T. F. HOAD. "arras." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "arras." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-arras.html T. F. HOAD. "arras." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-arras.html |
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Arras
Arras
•Arras, embarrass, harass
•gynandrous, polyandrous
•Pancras • charas • Tatras • disastrous
•ferrous • leprous • ambidextrous
•Carreras, mayoress
•scabrous
•cirrus, Pyrrhus
•chivalrous
•citrous, citrus
•ludicrous • tenebrous
•Cyrus, Epirus, papyrus, virus
•fibrous • hydrous • Cyprus
•retrovirus • monstrous
•brachiosaurus, brontosaurus, canorous, chorus, Epidaurus, Horus, megalosaurus, pelorus, porous, sorus, stegosaurus, Taurus, thesaurus, torus, tyrannosaurus
•walrus
•ochrous (US ocherous)
•cumbrous • wondrous • lustrous
•Algeciras, Severus
•desirous
•Arcturus, Epicurus, Honduras
•barbarous • tuberous • slumberous
•Cerberus • rapturous
•lecherous, treacherous
•torturous • vulturous • Pandarus
•slanderous • ponderous
•malodorous, odorous
•thunderous • murderous
•carboniferous, coniferous, cruciferous, melliferous, odoriferous, pestiferous, somniferous, splendiferous, umbelliferous, vociferous
•phosphorous, phosphorus
•sulphurous (US sulfurous)
•Anaxagoras, Pythagoras
•clangorous, languorous
•rigorous, vigorous
•dangerous • verdurous
•cankerous, cantankerous, rancorous
•decorous • Icarus • valorous
•dolorous • idolatrous
•amorous, clamorous, glamorous
•timorous
•humerus, humorous, numerous
•murmurous • generous • sonorous
•onerous • obstreperous • Hesperus
•vaporous • viviparous • viperous
•Bosporus, prosperous
•stuporous • cancerous
•Monoceros, rhinoceros
•sorcerous • adventurous • Tartarus
•nectarous • dexterous • traitorous
•preposterous • slaughterous
•boisterous, roisterous
•uterus • adulterous • stertorous
•cadaverous • feverous
•carnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous, omnivorous
•Lazarus
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"Arras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Arras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Arras.html "Arras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Arras.html |
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