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Amu Darya

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Amu Darya or Amudarya , river, c.1,600 mi (2,580 km) long, formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Pandj rivers, which rise in the Pamir Mts. of central Asia. It flows generally northwest, marking much of the northern border of Afghanistan with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan before flowing through the Kara Kum desert of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and entering the S Aral Sea through a delta. The river drains c.180,000 sq mi (466,200 sq km). It flows swiftly until it reaches the Kara Kum where its course braids into several channels.

The Amu Darya provides water for irrigation, but this heavy draw on its water has prevented the Amu Darya from replenishing the Aral Sea . The Kara Kum Canal (c.500 mi/800 km long) carries water from the Amu Darya near Kelif across S Turkmenistan to Ashgabat and supplements the flow of the Tejen and Murgab rivers. The Amu Darya is paralleled by the Trans-Caspian RR, which has lessened the river's importance as a transport route. In ancient times the Amu Darya was called the Oxus and figured importantly in the history of Persia and in the campaigns of Alexander the Great.

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Amu Darya

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa | 2004 | | Copyright

AMU DARYA

Afghan river.

The Amu Darya, also known in the past as the Oxus River, forms the principal boundary between Afghanistan and the Tajik and Uzbek republics, a distance of about 680 miles (1,094 km). The Amu Darya begins in the Pamir mountains, runs a total distance of about 1,500 miles (2,414 km), and eventually empties into the Aral Sea.

Bibliography

Dupree, Louis. Afghanistan. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Grant Farr

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Farr, Grant. "Amu Darya." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Farr, Grant. "Amu Darya." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600228.html

Farr, Grant. "Amu Darya." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600228.html

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Amu Darya

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Amu Darya, Central Asia Jayhun, Oxus A river which may derive its name from the ancient city of Āmul (now Chardzhev, Turkmenistan, which lies on the river) with the Uzbek daryo ‘river’. It assumes its name at the confluence of the Pyandzh and Vakhsh Rivers on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan and then flows some 880 miles (1 416 km) to the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan.

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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Amu Darya." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Amu Darya." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-AmuDarya.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Amu Darya." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-AmuDarya.html

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Amu Darya

The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable | 2006 | | Copyright

Amu Darya a river of central Asia, rising in the Pamirs and flowing into the Aral Sea, which in classical times was known as the Oxus.

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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Amu Darya." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Amu Darya." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-AmuDarya.html

ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Amu Darya." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-AmuDarya.html

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Amu Darya

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Amu Darya •barrier, carrier, farrier, harrier, tarrier •Calabria, Cantabria •Andrea • Kshatriya • Bactria •Amu Darya, aria, Zaria •Alexandria •Ferrier, terrier •destrier •aquaria, area, armamentaria, Bavaria, Bulgaria, caldaria, cineraria, columbaria, filaria, frigidaria, Gran Canaria, herbaria, honoraria, malaria, pulmonaria, rosaria, sacraria, Samaria, solaria, tepidaria, terraria •atria, gematria •Assyria, Illyria, Styria, Syria •Laurier, warrior •hypochondria, mitochondria •Austria •auditoria, ciboria, conservatoria, crematoria, emporia, euphoria, Gloria, moratoria, phantasmagoria, Pretoria, sanatoria, scriptoria, sudatoria, victoria, Vitoria, vomitoria •Maurya •courier, Fourier •currier, furrier, spurrier, worrier •Cumbria, Northumbria, Umbria •Algeria, anterior, bacteria, Bashkiria, cafeteria, criteria, cryptomeria, diphtheria, exterior, hysteria, Iberia, inferior, interior, Liberia, listeria, Nigeria, posterior, Siberia, superior, ulterior, wisteria •Etruria, Liguria, Manchuria, Surya

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Amu Darya Basin: Afghanistan Readies First Upstream Tender. Newspaper article from: NEFTE Compass; 10/17/2006
	Uzbekistan - The Oil/Gas E&P Potentials. Newspaper article from: APS Review Gas Market Trends; 10/11/2010
	TURKMENISTAN - The Gas Sector. Newspaper article from: APS Review Gas Market Trends; 9/11/2000