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Almaty
Almaty, Kazakhstan Almatu, Zailiyskoye, Verny, Alma‐Ata Once an oasis on the Silk Road, Almatu was sacked by the Mongols in the 13th century. It was refounded in 1854 as a Cossack military fort called Zailiyskoye. Within a year the name was changed to Verny ‘Faithful’, that is, one that would not surrender to the enemy. The city was renamed Alma‐Ata in 1921, a Soviet version of its Kazakh name, Almaty ‘Apple Orchards’; however, it is traditionally translated as ‘Father of Apples’ from the Kazakh Ata ‘father’ and alma ‘apple’. It was renamed Almaty in 1994 after Kazakhstan gained independence in December 1991. It was the national capital between 1929 and 1997 because its predecessor, Qyzylorda, was considered by the Bolsheviks to be too hot. It is still sometimes called the ‘Southern Capital’. It is also the name of a province.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Almaty." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Almaty." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Almaty.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Almaty." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Almaty.html |
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Almaty
Almaty , formerly Alma-Ata , city (1993 pop. 1,176,000), capital of Almaty prov., Kazakhstan, in the foothills of the Trans-Ili Alatau. A terminus of the Turkistan-Siberia RR, Almaty is the industrial, financial, and cultural center of Kazakhstan and was for many years its capital; in 1997 the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to Astana . Leading industries include fruit canning, meatpacking, tobacco processing, and the repair of railroad equipment. Most of the inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with Kazakhs the next largest group. The city was founded in 1854 as a Russian fort and trade center known as Verny. It has been repeatedly struck by earthquakes and mud slides during its long history. Almaty has a university and is the site of the Kazakh Academy of Sciences. To the east is Ile-Alatau National Park. |
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"Almaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Almaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Almaty.html "Almaty." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Almaty.html |
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Almaty
Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata) Largest city and, until 2000, capital of Kazakstan, near the se border with Kyrgyzstan. In 1991 it hosted the meeting of 11 former Soviet republics that led to the Alma-Ata Declaration, which created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In 1995 the government decided to move the capital to Aqmola (now Astana). Industries: foodstuffs, tobacco, timber, printing, film-making, leather, machinery. Pop. (1999) 1,129,400.
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"Almaty." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Almaty." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Almaty.html "Almaty." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Almaty.html |
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