Spanish and Portuguese History: Biographies

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Alfonso IV

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Alfonso IV 1291–1357, king of Portugal (1325–57), son and successor of Diniz . Disgruntled by the favoritism his father showed toward Alfonso's illegitimate half brothers, Alfonso rose in revolt in 1320. Although peace was arranged twice by his mother, St. Elizabeth (or St. Isabel) of Portugal, he was estranged from Diniz most of the five years before his father's death. He was involved (1337–40) in a fruitless war with Alfonso XI of Castile before joining him in a campaign against the Moors that culminated in the notable victory of Tarifa (Oct., 1340). Alfonso is, however, best remembered for countenancing the murder (1355) of his son's mistress (or wife), Inés de Castro , one of the most romantic figures in Portuguese history. His son (later Peter I ) promptly led a rebellion, but peace between father and son was restored before Alfonso's death.

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Braganza

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Braganza Ruling dynasty of Portugal (1640–1910). The dynasty was founded by the Duke of Braganza, who ruled (1640–56) as John IV. During the Napoleonic Wars, the royal family fled to Brazil, then a Portuguese colony. A branch of the house ruled as emperors of Brazil from 1822–89.

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"Braganza." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Braganza." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Braganza.html

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Alfonso IV

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Alfonso IV 1299–1336, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1327–36), son and successor of James II. Before his accession he conquered (1323–24) Sardinia , where later a revolt involved him in war with Genoa and Pisa. He was succeeded by his son, Peter IV.

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"Alfonso IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 28 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"Alfonso IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 28, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Alfon4Ara.html

"Alfonso IV." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 28, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Alfon4Ara.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	The Kingdom of Leon-Castilla under King Alfonso VII, 1126-1157. Magazine article from: Church History; 9/1/2000
	There's nun to compare; Heavenly bliss in Portugal.(Features) Newspaper article from: Sunday Mail (Glasgow, Scotland); 4/29/2001