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Aden

Aden

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2008 | Copyright

Aden , city (1994 pop. 398,399), SW Yemen, on the Gulf of Aden near the southern entrance to the Red Sea. It is the chief port of Yemen. Aden consists of two peninsulas, Aden and Little Aden, and an intervening stretch of the mainland. Each peninsula has a high volcanic headland (Aden rises to 1,742 ft/531 m, and Little Aden to 1,147 ft/350 m), which is linked to the mainland by a flat, sandy isthmus. The bay between the peninsulas is an excellent harbor. Aden peninsula contains most of the city's population and is divided into a number of districts that were once towns. Wells near Sheikh Othman, on the mainland, supply the city with water. Little Aden peninsula has the city's main industrial district and is the site of a large oil refinery; the manufacture of soap, cigarettes, and salt is also important.

Aden, a free port since 1850, has been the chief entrepôt and trading center of S Arabia since ancient times. It enjoyed commercial importance until the discovery (late 15th cent.) of an all-water route around Africa to India. With the opening of the Suez Canal (1869), Aden regained its importance and again became a major trading center and also an important refueling stop; the harbor was deepened to accommodate the largest vessels able to use the canal. Aden's economy, which depends heavily on canal traffic, suffered from the closing of the canal during and after the 1956 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars.

History

Aden's strategic location and its importance as a commercial center long made it a coveted conquest. Muslim Arabs held the region from the 7th to the 16th cent. The Portuguese failed in an attempt to capture it in 1513, but it fell in 1538 to the Ottoman Turks. At the end of the 18th cent. Aden's importance as a strategic post grew as a result of British policy to contain French expansion in the region. After the British capture of Aden in 1839, its administrative attachment to India, and the construction of the Suez Canal, Britain purchased areas on the mainland from local rulers and entered into protectionist agreements with them. The Perim, Kamaran, and Kuria Muria islands had been made part of Aden in the 1850s. Aden was formally made into a crown colony in 1937, and the surrounding region became known as the Aden Protectorate in 1937.

Aden was granted a legislative council in 1944 and later received other rights of self-government. In 1963 Aden was joined to the Federation of the Emirates of the South, which then became the Federation of South Arabia (see South Arabia, Federation of ). With the establishment (1967) of the independent country of Southern Yemen, Aden became the capital along with Madinat ash Shab. In 1970 Aden became the country's sole capital. In 1990 Southern Yemen and Yemen united to form one country, Yemen. Sana became capital of the new nations, and Aden was designated its economic capital. The city was severely damaged during the 1994 Yemeni civil war.

Bibliography

See G. King, Imperial Outpost, Aden (1964); J. Paget, Last Post: Aden, 1964-67 (1969); R. F. Nyrop, Yemens: Country Studies (1986).

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Aden

Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names | 2005 | | Copyright

Aden ('Adan), Yemen Adane, Athenae, Eudaemon Arabia, Arabia Emporion A governorate and a port city. The derivation of the name is not known. It is possible, but unlikely, that it is related to the biblical Garden of Eden; it may come from edinnu ‘plain’ or ‘steppe’, an Akkadian word; this language, spoken in Mesopotamia (Iraq) before the birth of Christ, is extinct. In the 1st century Aden was sometimes referred to by the Greeks as Eudaemon Arabia ‘Happy Arabia’, or Arabia Emporion ‘Arabia the Market’, the name of the entire country. The port was occupied by the Ottoman Turks in 1538. It was captured by the British in 1839 after which it was administered by the Bombay Presidency until it became a British crown colony in 1937. In 1963 it joined the Federation of South Arabia, which included the Aden Protectorate. It then became the capital of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (popularly known as South Yemen) in 1968 and remained so until North and South Yemen merged in 1990 to form Yemen. The capital was then transferred to Şan᾽a.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Aden." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Aden." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Aden.html

JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Aden." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Aden.html

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Aden

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Aden Commercial capital and largest city of Yemen, historic capital of the Aden Protectorate (1937–67) and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–90). A seaport city on the Gulf of Aden, 160km (100 mi) e of the Red Sea, Aden was an important Roman trading port. With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, its importance increased. It was made a crown colony in 1937 and the surrounding territory became the Aden Protectorate. When the (northern) Yemen Arab Republic and the (southern) People's Democratic Republic of Yemen combined to form the united Republic of Yemen in 1990, Sana'a became the official capital. Industries: cigarette manufacture, oil and salt refining. Pop. (1995) 562,000.
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Aden

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Copyright

Aden. A port in the Middle East, commanding the entrance to the Red Sea. In 1839 Aden was ceded to the British by the Turkish sultan and administered from British India. It became a free port in 1850 and was developed as a coaling station on the steamship route from Suez to Bombay. In April 1937 it became a British crown colony and in 1963 part of the South Arabian Federation of Arab Emirates. After the civil war (1965–7) the British withdrew from Aden and it became the capital of the People's Republic of South Yemen.

Richard A. Smith
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JOHN CANNON. "Aden." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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Aden

The Oxford Companion to World War II | 2001 | | Copyright

Aden was a British protectorate and port in the Arabian peninsula. The protectorate which covered 112,000 sq. mi. stretched from the port to the border of Oman. The port was acquired by the British as a coaling station in 1839. It became a crown colony in 1937, having been previously administered from India, and Indian troops recaptured British Somaliland from it in March 1941. In 1967 longstanding territorial claims by Yemen on it were successful.
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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Aden." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Aden." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Aden.html

I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Aden." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Aden.html

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Aden

A Dictionary of British History | 2004 | | Copyright

Aden A port in the Middle East, commanding the entrance to the Red Sea. In 1839 Aden was ceded to the British by the Turkish sultan. It became a free port in 1850 and was developed as a coaling station on the steamship route from Suez to Bombay. After the civil war (1965–7) the British withdrew from Aden and it became the capital of the People's Republic of South Yemen.
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JOHN CANNON. "Aden." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Aden." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Aden.html

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Aden

Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa | 2004 | | Copyright

ADEN

Seaport city in the Republic of Yemen.

Located on the southeastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, Aden is the second-largest city in the Republic of Yemen and one of the best natural ports on the Arabian Sea. From 1839 to 1967, Aden was a British colony; from 1967 to 1990, it was the capital of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

F. Gregory Gause III

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Gause, F. Gregory. "Aden." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 10 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

Gause, F. Gregory. "Aden." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (February 10, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600065.html

Gause, F. Gregory. "Aden." Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. 2004. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3424600065.html

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Aden

Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes | 2007 | Copyright

Aden •Abaddon, gladden, gladdon, Ibadan, madden, sadden •abandon, Brandon, Rwandan, Ugandan •Baden, Baden-Baden, Coloradan, garden, harden, lardon, Nevadan, pardon •Wiesbaden • bear garden •tea garden •Armageddon, deaden, leaden, redden •Eldon, Sheldon •Brendan, tendon •Dresden •Aden, Aidan, Haydn, laden, maiden •handmaiden •cedarn, cotyledon, dicotyledon, Eden, monocotyledon, Sweden •wealden •bestridden, forbidden, hidden, midden, outridden, ridden, stridden, unbidden •Wimbledon •linden, Lindon, Swindon •Wisden • Mohammedan • Myrmidon •harridan • hagridden • Sheridan •bedridden • Macedon • Huntingdon •Dryden, guidon, Leiden, Poseidon, Sidon, widen •Culloden, hodden, modern, sodden, trodden •Cobden • downtrodden •Auden, broaden, cordon, Gordon, Hordern, Jordan, warden •churchwarden • louden • bounden •loden, Snowdon •beholden, embolden, golden, olden •hoyden • Bermudan • wooden •Mukden • gulden • sudden •Blunden, London •Riordan • bourdon • bombardon •celadon • Clarendon •burden, guerdon

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