CALQUE
CALQUE, also LOAN TRANSLATION. A word or other expression formed by translating from another language, such as Shaw's superman (1903), from German Übermensch (as used by Nietzsche in 1883). The Romans calqued freely from Greek; from poiótēs (suchness), posótēs (muchness), they formed qualitas and quantitas. Calques are often used for ad hoc glossing, as with ‘suchness’ and ‘muchness’ above. Sometimes, a Greek original and its Latin calque have both entered English: apátheia and its calque indolentia provide English with both apathy and indolence. Calques are often formed from compounds in a source language: for example, German Weltanschauung becoming English ‘world-view’. They may also consist of entire translated phrases, such as ‘Time flies’ from Latin Tempus fugit and ‘that goes without saying’ from French cela va sans dire. See BORROWING, FOREIGNISM, LOAN.
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Borrowing , BORROWING
BORROWING
1. Taking a word or phrase from one language into another, or from one variety of a language into another
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2. The item so taken,… Cognate , cog·nate / ˈkägˌnāt/ • adj. 1. Linguistics (of a word) having the same linguistic derivation as another; from the same original word or root (e.g., E… Armenian Language , INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, The The language family, or family of families, of which English is a member, along with other European languages such as FR… Translation , TRANSLATION The restatement of the forms of one LANGUAGE in another: the chief means of exchanging information between different language communities… Philology , PHILOLOGY
PHILOLOGY [From Greek philología love of language]. The traditional study of LANGUAGE, which reached its peak as comparative philology in t… Astrobleme , COMBINING FORM In WORD-FORMATION, a BASE designed to combine with another, either also a combining form or a free word: bio- with -graphy to form bio…
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