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topography
topography
The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
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2009
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© The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English 2009, originally published by Oxford University Press 2009. (Hide copyright information)
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to·pog·ra·phy
/ təˈpägrəfē/
•
n.
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area:
the topography of the island.
∎
a detailed description or representation on a map of such features.
∎
Anat. & Biol.
the distribution of parts or features on the surface of or within an organ or organism.
DERIVATIVES:
to·pog·ra·pher
/ -fər/ n.
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Custom topography-guided LASIK an alternative approach
Magazine article from: Ophthalmology Times; 2/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Chicago-An early report of custom topography-guided LASIK indicates that it is...study of this investigational tool, topography-guided LASIK significantly reduced...previously treated with LASIK underwent topography-guided LASIK re-treatment by flap...
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Representation of topography by shaved cells in a height coordinate ocean model
Magazine article from: Monthly Weather Review; 9/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...coordinate ocean models commonly represent topography as a "staircase" of discontinuous...cells" are used to represent irregular topography. The problem is formulated using the...properties. Two representations of topography, "partial step" and "piecewise linear...
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The Influence of Topography on the Stability of Jets
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 5/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...this article, the effect shelflike topography has on the stability of a jet that...intricate dependence of growth rate on topography. In particular, the authors determine that retrograde topography (with the shallow water on the left...
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Tidal Conversion by Supercritical Topography
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 8/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...into internal gravity waves above topography on the ocean floor. The ocean is treated as infinitely deep, and the topography consists of periodic obstructions...Balmforth et al. for subcritical topography (wherein waves propagate along...
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The Role of Land-Sea Topography in Blocking Formation in a Block-Eddy Interaction Model
Magazine article from: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 11/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...scale land-sea contrast (LSC) topography on the formation of an eddy-driven blocking. It is found that the topography term can be included explicitly...inclusion of the higher-order wave-topography interaction. Although the blocking...
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Bottom Topography as a Control Variable in an Ocean Model
Magazine article from: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology; 11/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...assumed a priori. Bottom topography plays a major role in determining...relies on charts of bottom topography that were derived from very...describe very different bottom topographies. For example, the Foundation...in constructing a global topography database for the ocean...
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Baroclinic instability of two-layer flows over one-dimensional bottom topography
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 8/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...layer zonal flows on the beta plane over bottom topography is examined. The topography is assumed to be one-dimensional, with the...demonstrated the following: 1) The effect of topography is the strongest when the isobaths are parallel...
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Tidal conversion by subcritical topography
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 10/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...extracted from the barotropic tide at topography and converted into internal gravity...freely escape to z = inf. Several topographies are investigated: a sinusoidal...is similar to that of submarine topography. The authors' focus is the dependence...
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Adjoint Sensitivity of an Ocean General Circulation Model to Bottom Topography
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 2/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT Bottom topography, or more generally the geometry of...across 32S, are sensitive to bottom topography as much as they are to surface boundary conditions. For example, adjoint topography sensitivities of the transport through...
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The Motion of a Point Vortex near Large-Amplitude Topography in a Two-Layer Fluid
Magazine article from: Journal of Physical Oceanography; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...large-amplitude, sharply varying topography like that which occurs in continental shelf regions. Topography takes the form of an infinitely long...stratification is chosen such that the height of topography in the upper layer is a small fraction...
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Topography
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Topography Translated literally from...graphein (to write), topography means “ the...In social science, topographies (both representational...interests reveals, the term topography addresses a fundamental...
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soils and topography
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
soils and topography Relief or topography is one of the five main factors that influence the way soils develop. The influence of topography on soil formation operates through three main elements: slope...
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Basin and Range Topography
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Basin and range topography Basin and range topography is characterized by tilted fault blocks forming sub-parallel...elements are typical of the basin and range physiographic topography in the western United States. This province is bounded...
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Topography and Topographic Maps
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Topography and topographic maps Topography is the physical shape of the land, particularly as it relates...dimensional graphical representations of the three-dimensional topography that also provide a detailed and accurate inventory of what...
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Karst Topography
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Karst Topography Karst is a German name for an unusual...vegetation. In geology, the term karst topography is used to describe areas similar to...Turkey, Ireland, and England. Karst topography is formed when there is a chemical reaction...
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