fordism
fordism As defined by Antonio
Gramsci, this refers to a form of productive organization thought to be typical of advanced capitalism and exemplified by Henry Ford's system of mass automobile production. This allied labour management according to the principles of
scientific management (‘Taylorism’) with a wider reorganization of production and marketing, involving a moving assembly line, standardized outputs, and demand stimulation by a combination of low prices, high wages, advertising, and consumer credit. Gramsci suggested that high levels of production could only be sustained by ‘tempering compulsion … with persuasion’. Fordism provided workers with high wages and rising levels of consumption in exchange for an intensified work regime.
Many subsequent (mainly neo-Marxist) theorists have used the concept in analysing the industrial and social order of full employment, mass production, the welfare state, and rising standards of consumption, which characterized advanced capitalist societies after the Second World War. However, the term is used variously to refer to assembly-line mass production, certain leading sectors of industry, a
hegemonic form of industrial organization, or a ‘mode of regulation’–the meaning of which probably comes closest to that intended by Gramsci.
Following the economic crises of the 1970s and 1980s, with associated changes in the social and technical organization of production and the alleged coming of
post-industrial society, some suggest that fordism is in terminal crisis, being succeeded by ‘post-fordism’, based on so-called
flexible production systems. This new terminology also carries varying meanings according to the context of use and author. See also
REGULATION THEORY.
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The Slaughterhouse Cases: Regulation, Reconstruction, and the Fourteenth Amendment/The Fourteenth Amendment and the Law of the Constitution
Magazine article from: The Journal of Southern History; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Reconstruction, and the Fourteenth Amendment. By Ronald M. Labb...1290-4.) The Fourteenth Amendment and the Law...Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to defend white butchers...from manipulating the amendment's lang
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The Slaughterhouse Cases: Regulation, Reconstruction, and the Fourteenth Amendment.(The Fourteenth Amendment and the Law of the Constitution)(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Southern History; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Reconstruction, and the Fourteenth Amendment. By Ronald M. Labbe...7006-1290-4.) The Fourteenth Amendment and the Law...Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to defend white butchers...from manipulating the amendment's
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Civil rights - the first, fourth, and fourteenth amendments. (The Litigation Connection: Perspectives of Risk Control for the 1990s)
Magazine article from: JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance; 2/1/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...The First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United...the First and the Fourth Amendments applied only to actions...the incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment in a cause of action, state...protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment are described...
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Fourteenth Amendment personhood: Fact or fiction?
Magazine article from: St. John's Law Review; 4/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...Constitution nor the amendments thereto specifically...purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment. Part II will...the Civil Rights Amendments and the Fourteenth Amendment.5 It is widely accepted that the Fourteenth Amendment was...
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The McCulloch theory of the Fourteenth Amendment: City of Boerne v. Flores and the original understanding of section 5.
Magazine article from: Yale Law Journal; 10/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...have long read the Fourteenth Amendment as though it were...under the Fourteenth Amendment and, as such, reflected...interpreter of the Fourteenth Amendment.(12) While the...enforcer, of the Fourteenth Amendment. The amendment...
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Completing the constitution: enforcement of the religion clauses against the states under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Magazine article from: Journal of Church and State; 6/22/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution...by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment. But do they really...the history of the Fourteenth Amendment, concluding...chief objects of the Fourteenth Amendment "was to make the...of the first eight amendments around ...
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The Cherokee removal and the Fourteenth Amendment.
Magazine article from: Duke Law Journal; 12/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...original understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment by showing how its drafters...leaders eventually wrote the Fourteenth Amendment, that text reflected their...analysis. Thus, in my view the Fourteenth Amendment should be construed...
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Did the Fourteenth Amendment repeal the First? (response to article by Jonathan D. Hacker in this issue, p. 2129)
Magazine article from: Michigan Law Review; 6/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...supposed that the Fourteenth Amendment rescinded any of...First through Eighth Amendments. Until now -- for...Hacker says the Fourteenth Amendment did. Of course...possible to read the Fourteenth Amendment this way...
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GOVERNMENT BY JUDICIARY: THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT.(Review)
Magazine article from: First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life; 12/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...TRANSFORMATION OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT. Second Edition...and the Fourteenth Amendment ought to be construed...original intent" of the Fourteenth Amendment, Berger...understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment" (Virginia Law...
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Individual Rights Under State Constitutions when the Fourteenth Amendment Was Ratified in 1868: What Rights Are Deeply Rooted in American History and Tradition?
Magazine article from: Texas Law Review; 11/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects both enumerated and...inspired the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment even if the decision seems...did in Glucksberg, that the Fourteenth Amendment protects only those...
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Fourteenth Amendment
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is a product of the...of feminist activists. The most ironic consequence of the Fourteenth Amendment was that throughout the later years of the nineteenth century...
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Congress Debates the Fourteenth Amendment (1866)
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History
CONGRESS DEBATES THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT (1866) Lincoln's Emancipation...veto power. The debate over the Fourteenth Amendment in congress, however...congressional debates over the Fourteenth Amendment cover the draft proposed...
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Opinion of the Court of Appeals of Texas, Fourteenth District, March 15, 2001
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TEXAS, FOURTEENTH DISTRICT, MARCH 15, 2001 In Court of Appeals of Texas, Fourteenth District, Houston NO. 14...2 Appellants rely upon the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution...
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Second Amendment
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
...postbellum cases involving Second Amendment claims, United States v...reaction to the Fourteenth Amendment as they do about the Second...held that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments did not give Congress the...declared that the Second Amendment only protected individuals...
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Thirteenth Amendment
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
...AMENDMENT The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution...The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution...as the Civil War Amendments, they were designed...The Thirteenth Amendment forbids involuntary...of the Civil War Amendments were ...
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