black economy
black economy That portion of
employment within the market economy that is not fully covered by
official statistics, due to some degree of under-reporting which is assumed to be connected with tax evasion. Unfortunately, economic statistics are imperfect, so that gaps and inconsistencies are due more often to data-quality problems than to unreported black economy activity. Guesstimates of the size of the black economy are inflated by the substantial amounts of non-market work and marginal work in the
informal economy.
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iOnosphere's 2002 Results & Solid Balance Sheet Buck Telecom Trends.
PR Newswire; 1/30/2003; 700+ words
; ...C., Jan. 30 /PRNewswire/ -- iOnosphere, Inc. today announced greatly improved...million." CEO Leighton Cubbage added, "iOnosphere doesn't look or act like today's...determined owner/employees that know iOnosphere can and will 'survive and ultimately...
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'4D' Ionosphere Map Helps Flyers, Soldiers, Ham Radio Operators
Newspaper article from: U.S. Newswire; 4/30/2008; 700+ words
; ...public a new 4D live model of Earths ionosphere. Without leaving home, anyone can...headquarters in Washington, DC. The ionosphere is important to pilots, ham radio operators...tool, they can monitor and study the ionosphere as if theyre actually inside it. The...
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UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS PROJECT HELPS FILL OUT PICTURE OF EARTH'S IONOSPHERE
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 12/16/2008; 700+ words
; ...that surrounds the globe. Called the ionosphere, this essential border between Earth...the upper atmosphere cools off. The ionosphere plays a particularly important role...must punch a signal cleanly through the ionosphere. "Any radio or location system signal...
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RNK Telecom to Acquire iOnosphere; Merger Expected to Increase RNK's Revenue to $60 Million Annually; Will Double VoIP Network Footprint Worldwide and Global Market Penetration in U.S., Asia, Africa, Middle East and South America.
Business Wire; 8/7/2006; 700+ words
; ...into an letter of intent to acquire iOnosphere, Inc., a South Carolina-based provider...2006. "We are excited to welcome iOnosphere as part of RNK, and look forward to...people communicate; the acquisition of iOnosphere is the next step in our long-term...
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Radio twinkling in Venusian ionosphere.
Magazine article from: Science News; 2/25/1989; ; 700+ words
; ...Radio Twinkling in Venusian ionosphere Stars appear to twinkle because...twinkling takes place in the ionosphere, the layer of charged particles...scintillations take place in the ionosphere of Venus. The effect has...waves passing through their ionospheres. But it was unclear what...
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iOnosphere, Inc. Launches Worldwide Internet Telephony Network.
PR Newswire; 4/18/2000; 700+ words
; ...C., April 18 /PRNewswire/ -- iOnosphere, Inc. announces the formation of a...other communication service providers. iOnosphere is in the process of establishing facilities...completed by the end of this year. "iOnosphere represents the coming together of seasoned...
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Mars Express sheds new light on its mysterious ionosphere
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 11/17/2007; 700+ words
; ...valuable tool for learning about the ionosphere. This is because the radio waves from...through the ionised layer. Earth's ionosphere has been studied intensively and is...little was known about the Martian ionosphere. Previous measurements indicated that...
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Ionospheres: Physics, Plasma Physics, and Chemistry
Magazine article from: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society; 10/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; Ionospheres: Physics, Plasma...up through the ionosphere and magnetosphere...and energetics of ionospheres. A detailed discussion...on the earth's ionosphere are also described...understanding of the other ionospheres in the solar system...
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"4D" live model of Earth's ionosphere developed
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 5/1/2008; 617 words
; ...developed a "4D" live model of Earth's ionosphere, which would be able to help airline...flight controller could examine the ionosphere from the flyer's point of view and...headquarters in Washington, DC, "The ionosphere is important to pilots, ham radio operators...
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The Sky is Falling.(ionosphere has fallen due to global warming)
Magazine article from: Science World; 2/8/1999; ; 662 words
; ...British scientists announced that the ionosphere, the upper layer of Earth's atmosphere...reaching up to 500 km (310 mi), the ionosphere has fallen by 8 km (4.8 mi) in the...atmosphere. Result: the cooling of the ionosphere, so that atmospheric pressure (pressure...
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Ionosphere
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Ionosphere The ionosphere is a layer of the earth's atmosphere that is weakly ionized...40 mi (60 km), continuing upward to the magnetosphere. In the ionosphere, the molecules and atoms in the air are ionized mostly by the Sun...
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ionosphere
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
ionosphere The part of the atmosphere that lies...reflected by certain regions of the ionosphere where there are particular concentrations...the Earth, but reflection from the ionosphere continues to be used for radio transmissions...
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geomagnetism: external fields
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...surrounding them called ionospheres . The presence of the Earth's ionosphere makes worldwide short...bounced off this region. The ionosphere is produced by bombardment...magnetic fields in the ionosphere (see magnetic field...
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Radio Waves
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...the ground, and by reflection off the ionosphere. The first of these routes is the most...be transmitted by reflection from the ionosphere. When waves of frequencies up to about...sky, they bounce off a region of the ionosphere known as the E layer. The E layer is...
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Space Environment, Nature of the
Book article from: Space Sciences
...upper atmosphere, creating what is called the ionosphere . One example of how the ionosphere is affected by direct radiation by the Sun...AM radio. At night, the thickness of the ionosphere shrinks. Radio waves then bounce off the...
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