Pecora
Pecora (cattle; order Artiodactyla, suborder Ruminantia) An infra-order that comprises the three superfamilies
Traguloidea (chevrotains),
Cervoidea (deer and giraffes), and
Bovoidea (antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, etc.). These form the most recent ungulate group, known since the
Miocene, and are the most advanced of ruminants. The stomach is four-chambered, the upper
incisors and in some forms the upper
canines are absent, and the
molars are
selenodont. Only two digits are functional on each limb. Most members possess horns: these may be present only in the male, and used principally for intraspecific fighting; they are developed in some forms for ritualized contests that seldom cause injury. Tragulids, musk-deer (
Moschidae) and some deer possess enlarged upper canines which are used in defence.
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FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS: AUSTRIANS, BELGIANS, SPANISH AND DUTCH CHASED UP.(Brief Article)
Newspaper article from: European Report; 7/23/2003; 700+ words
; ...warnings) to Belgium and the Netherlands for making it difficult to...goods. In the dock. One Austrian law forbids selling food supplements...Reasoned opinions. The Netherlands requires alarm systems to...Finally, it is unhappy with Spanish restrictions on bicycle racks...
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Cities and ciphers
Newspaper article from: Jerusalem Post; 11/25/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...someone else's territory. Clump, clump, clump came the boots of Romans, Franks, Burgundians, Spanish, Austrians and French before the Netherlands swallowed it all up. At last, in 1830, Belgium became a constitutional monarchy - just in time...
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Charles V's Spanish abdiction: January 16th, 1556.(January's Anniversaries)
Magazine article from: History Today; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...and he also ruled the Netherlands, Bohemia, Hungary...Ruling Spain meant ruling Spanish America and in Charles...the sovereignty of the Netherlands to his son Philip of...he resigned Spain and Spanish America to Philip...Habsburg dynasty split into Austrian and Spanish branches...
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The foundation of Belgium: Philip Mansel recalls the creation of the kingdom of Belgium in 1831, in a successful act of co-operation between London, Paris and Brussels.
Magazine article from: History Today; 5/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...from the northern Netherlands, by a shared experience...Reformation and of Spanish, and after 1713 Austrian, rule. The figure...of the Austrian Netherlands turned against the...created Kingdom of the Netherlands under William I...
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An Irish life in Austrian service: General Thomas von Plunket 1716-1779.
Magazine article from: Sabretache; 12/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...serving in the Imperial Austrian Army during the 18th...service of the Imperial Austrian Army in 1728 when he...and in the war of the Spanish Succession and that...in the (Austrian) Netherlands. (3) In 1846/47...in the (Austrian) Netherlands. The regiment recruited...
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Advanced economies: exchange rates.(table)(Statistical Data Included)
Magazine article from: World Economic Outlook; 4/1/2002; 700+ words
; ...9 1,703.1 Spanish peseta 134.0 124.7 126.7 146.4 Netherlands guilder 1.820...962 35.774 Austrian schilling 11...9 96.3 93.9 Netherlands 102.4 104.8...2 2,161.8 Spanish peseta 149.4 156.0 180.1 185.8 Netherlands guilder 1.984...
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Advanced economies: exchange rates.(Illustration)
Magazine article from: World Economic Outlook; 9/1/2002; 700+ words
; ...9 1,703.1 Spanish peseta 134.0 124.7 126.7 146.4 Netherlands guilder 1.820...30.962 35.774 Austrian schilling 11.422...2 2,161.8 Spanish peseta 149.4 156.0 180.1 185.8 Netherlands guilder 1.984...Italian lira -- Spanish peseta -- Netherlands...
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The man who put everyone in the picture
Newspaper article from: Evening Standard - London; 11/3/2006; ; 700+ words
; When an Austrian archduke, appointed by a Spanish king, employed a Flemish...Dutch, French and Spanish, it was intended for...local languages, and Spanish was a judicious choice...was then the Spanish Netherlands, occupied by Spanish...
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Europe 1648
Map from: Maps.com World History Maps; 1/1/1999; 249 words
; ...German States Holland Austria Switzerland Bremen Spanish Netherlands Bavaria Brandenburg Tyrol Silesia Corsica (Genoa...Transylvania Moldovia Papal States Scotland Montenegro Spanish Dominions Austrian Dominions Brandenburg-prussia Holy Roman Empire
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 "The Economist (US)")
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They rose to conquer; Spanish imperial history.('Spain's Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power 1492-1763')(Book Review)
Magazine article from: The Economist (US); 12/7/2002; 700+ words
; ...Jesuit-Inca wedding THE Spanish empire stretched from...Lombardy, Burgundy and the Netherlands. The American colonies...he was near India. Spanish soldiers were very highly...War, the wars of the Austrian and Spanish succession and the other...
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Austrian and Spanish Netherlands
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Austrian and Spanish Netherlands that part of the Low Countries that...Drenthe and in 1547 declared the entire Netherlands hereditary Hapsburg possessions...thereby limiting the powers of the Spanish governors at Brussels. The harsh...
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Netherlands, Southern
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...II of Spain (ruled in the Netherlands 1555 – 1598, in...independence of the United Netherlands (Dutch Republic). Known first as the Spanish Netherlands, the provinces became the Austrian Netherlands when transferred...
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Namur
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Burgundy. It later shared the history of the Austrian and Spanish Netherlands. Because of its strategic location, Namur was...1695. The first Barrier Treaty (1709) gave the Netherlands the right to garrison Namur, a right confirmed...
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Spanish Succession, War of the
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History
...between Bourbon and Austrian Habsburg claimants...positions in the Spanish Netherlands. The duke's superlative...most of the southern Netherlands. In August 1708 he...advances on the Spanish mainland were short...withdrawn from the Netherlands, the Dutch and Austrians found ...
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Tournai
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...to 1521, when Emperor Charles V captured it and attached it to the Spanish (from 1714, Austrian) Netherlands. Tournai joined in the rebellion of the Spanish Netherlands and was a Calvinist stronghold until its capture (1581) by Alessandro...
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