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proton
proton pump
proton pump A carrier protein or complex of proteins that transports protons (H
+) across biological membranes. Such pumps use energy, for example ATP, to establish a high concentration of protons on one side of the membrane compared to the other. This proton gradient is then exploited by the cell to drive various processes, including the transport of ions and small molecules across plasma membranes. Proton pumps are also involved in secretion of gastric acid by mucosal cells in the stomach lining. The concept of a proton pump is central to the
chemiosmotic theory of ATP formation by electron transport in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Here, the pump is driven not by ATP hydrolysis but by electron transport, and the proton gradient that is set up represents a means of conserving the energy released by respiration, or captured by photosynthetic pigments. This energy is then stored as ATP by the enzyme
ATP synthetase. See also
acid growth theory.
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Proton transport via the membrane surface
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 6/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT Some proton pumps, such as cytochrome...c^O), translocate protons across biological membranes...considerably exceeds the rate of proton transport to the entrance...The high rate of proton pumping raises the question...possible rate of supply of protons by the organelle's...
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Proton America signs formal distribution agreement in Malaysia.
PR Newswire; 11/20/1987; 700+ words
; PROTON AMERICA SIGNS FORMAL DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT IN MALAYSIA...significant developments in Malaysia's industrial expansion, Proton America, Inc., and Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional (Proton) have signed the formal distribution agreement here...
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Proton beam therapy subject of renewed radiosurgical interest.
Newspaper article from: Medical Device Daily; 9/11/2007; 700+ words
; ...propose the use of protons as a medical tool...involved in early proton neurosurgery include...cyclotron used to produce protons and the inspiration...multiple sources of proton beams on pituitary...develop a tabletop proton accelerator, but...off,? which makes protons good ?for ...
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Proton Energy Systems and Matheson Tri-Gas Reach Agreement to End Contract.
PR Newswire; 1/31/2003; 700+ words
; Proton Energy Systems, Inc. , a leader in hydrogen...This is purely a business decision," said Proton's President and CEO Walter "Chip" Schroeder...products with a number of compelling features, Proton will focus on larger, higher margin products...
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Proton spin plays key role in smash hits. (collisions between subatomic particles)
Magazine article from: Science News; 11/3/1990; ; 700+ words
; ...subatomic particles such as protons. High-precision measurements now reveal that a proton's spin seems to have a surprisingly...spin effects in very violent proton-proton collisions, where two protons bounce off each other...
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Protons May Leak through Pure Lipid Bilayers via a Concerted Mechanism
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 5/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...along which the protons can "hop" over...presence of an excess proton) suggest that...channels, facilitate proton transport by stabilizing...Permeation of protons along the water...with measured proton permeabilities by assuming that protons permeate instantaneously...
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Proton Energy Systems, Inc. Announces Filing of Form S-4.
PR Newswire; 9/4/2003; 700+ words
; Proton Energy Systems, Inc. , today announced...owned subsidiary of Distributed Energy and Proton will become a wholly owned subsidiary of...well as the approval of the stockholders of Proton and Northern. Investors and security holders...
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Proton World Wins 2000 Computerworld Smithsonian Award, Following Nomination by Bull.
PR Newswire; 6/13/2000; 700+ words
; ...Real Estate category was awarded to Proton World at a gala dinner at the National...Museum in Washington DC on 5 June, 2000. Proton World was nominated as a CWSA candidate...long-standing technology partner of Proton World, and helped to develop the first...
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Proton accepts challenges and seeks opportunities
Newspaper article from: New Straits Times; 9/2/2000; 700+ words
; New Straits Times 09-02-2000 Proton accepts challenges and seeks opportunities...doubt the survival of the torch bearer, Proton, as market-opening Asean Free Trade...draws closer. Sceptics may say that Proton, Southeast Asia's largest car manufacturer...
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Proton is shaping new ideas
Newspaper article from: The Topeka ; 10/24/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...can actually taste the proton. Vinegar and lemonade...stripped of electrons. Protons taste sour. But the identity...beam at a target full of protons. Then they studied the protons they knocked loose. If a proton is round, it should be...
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proton
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...contains one or more protons; the number of protons, called the atomic...The mass of the proton is about 1,840 times...the same mass as the proton but a unit negative...opposite magnetic moment. Protons are frequently used...
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proton pump
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
proton pump A carrier protein or complex of proteins that transports protons (H + ) across biological membranes. Such...the membrane compared to the other. This proton gradient is then exploited by the cell to...
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proton–proton reaction
Book article from: A Dictionary of Astronomy
proton–proton reaction A chain of nuclear reactions...the reaction, four hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse to form one nucleus of helium...temperatures below 18 million K the proton–proton reaction is more...
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proton-pump inhibitor
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing
proton-pump inhibitor ( proh -ton-pump) n. a drug...gastric acid secretion by blocking an enzyme (the proton pump ) within the oxyntic (parietal) cells of the gastric glands. Proton-pump inhibitors include omeprazole, lansoprazole...
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alpha—proton—X-ray spectrometer
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
alpha—proton—X-ray spectrometer...an alpha particle detector, a proton detector, and an X-ray detector...sample. Scattered alpha particles, protons from alpha-proton reactions, and X-rays produced...
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