Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium The balance in the relative numbers of
alleles (see
allele frequency) that is maintained within a large population over a period of time assuming that: (1) mating is random; (2) there is no natural selection; (3) there is no migration; (4) there is no mutation. In such a stable population, for a gene with two alleles,
A (dominant) and
a (recessive), if the frequency of
A is
p and the frequency of
a is
q, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes (
AA,
Aa, and
aa) can be expressed by the
Hardy–Weinberg equation:
p2 + 2
pq +
q2 = 1,
where
p2 = frequency of
AA (homozygous dominant) individuals, 2
pq = frequency of
Aa (heterozygous) individuals, and
q2 = frequency of
aa (homozygous recessive) individuals. The equation can be used to calculate allele frequencies if the numbers of homozygous recessive individuals in the population is known. The equation and the equilibrium are named after British mathematician G. H. Hardy (1877–1947) and German physician W. Weinberg (1862–1937).
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Molasses imparts complex flavor to savories, sweets
Newspaper article from: Tribune-Review/Pittsburgh Tribune-Review; 4/5/2009; ; 700+ words
; Honey's yummy, but molasses' rich, bittersweet essence has a darker, more potent allure. Although a far cry from molasses staples of baked beans and brown bread, today's molasses-rich recipes rely on the same flavor- and...
|
 "The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR)")
|
Molasses in January.(Food)(An old-fashioned syrup deserves rediscovery in winter kitchens)(Recipe)
Newspaper article from: The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR); 1/23/2002; 700+ words
; ...WILLIAMS The Register-Guard JANUARY is a molasses kind of month - when plunging temperatures...baking. When life slows to ... well, a molasses sort of post-holiday pace, with newfound...brings peak consumer demand for regional molasses distributors, marking a surge in public...
|
|
Molasses: a modern flavor-maker.
Magazine article from: Prepared Foods; 4/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; Molasses, a staple food ingredient for hundreds...at its functionality and applications. Molasses, the concentrated expressed juice of...Technology Corp., Mahwah, N.J., molasses ran be used to meet the needs of today...
|
|
Molasses-colored glasses: WPA and sundry sources on molasses and southern foodways.(Beyond Grits and Gravy)
Magazine article from: Southern Cultures; 3/22/2008; ; 700+ words
; [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Molasses has been one of the three Ms of the...role in southern foodways. (1) Molasses is made from sugar cane and the similar...English planters in the Caribbean sold molasses along with sugar and rum to Africans...
|
|
-CSIRO: Molasses makes beef's future look sweet
M2 Presswire; 6/10/1998; 700+ words
; ...M2 PRESSWIRE-10 June 1998-CSIRO: Molasses makes beef's future look sweet (C...LTD RDATE:100698 A million tonnes of molasses, currently produced as a by-product...export industry. "A million tonnes of molasses is a million tonnes of pure energy that...
|
|
Slow Molasses, Fast Flavor; The Sweetener With Soul
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/10/1991; ; 700+ words
; Molasses hasn't been what one would call a trendy...and richer in vitamins and minerals, molasses is a byproduct in the process of making...flavoring. Americans in the 1800s combined molasses with pork, a combination that survives...
|
|
Effects of Adding Extra Molasses to a Texturized Calf Starter on Rumen Development, Growth Characteristics, and Blood Parameters in Neonatal Dairy Calves*
Magazine article from: Journal of Dairy Science; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...starter containing 5 (control) or 12% molasses [on a dry matter (DM) basis] was...increased in the starter containing extra molasses. Postweaning and overall starter DM...calves received starter containing 12% molasses. However, blood volatile fatty acid...
|
|
Eureka! The `perfect' molasses cookie meets its match in this batch
Newspaper article from: Chicago Sun-Times; 10/13/1988; ; 700+ words
; ...Grail. For me, it's the perfect molasses cookie. Logic doesn't have much to do with this quest. Molasses cookies, after all, are not even my...a great one. This whole thing with molasses cookies started about 15 years ago...
|
|
Make mine molasses, Dark, sweet syrup adds nostalgia to holiday baking
Newspaper article from: Sunday Gazette-Mail; 12/21/2003; ; 574 words
; ...January 1919, a 14,000-ton tank of molasses burst and sent a 30- foot wall of ooze...21 people to death. Up to that time, molasses had been America's No. 1 sweetener...of the sticky syrup were slower than molasses in January. (Sorry.) But molasses...
|
 "Daily News (Los Angeles, CA)")
|
SLOW AND EARTHY MOLASSES IS THE SOUL OF HOME COOKING : HOW TO USE MOLASSES.(Food)(Recipe)
Newspaper article from: Daily News (Los Angeles, CA); 1/9/1997; 700+ words
; ...know few things are slower than molasses in winter. They also know that...how long it takes, pouring that molasses is worth the wait. The dark, sugar...dishes. One whiff of an open jar of molasses might turn off the uninitiated...
|
|
Molasses Trade
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History
MOLASSES TRADE MOLASSES TRADE was the keystone of colonial commerce, as it supplied a product...of trade with England. Except for experimental attempts to produce molasses locally from corn, the source of supply was the West Indies. It...
|
|
Molasses
Book article from: How Products Are Made
Molasses Molasses, from the Latin word melaceres, meaning honey-like, is a thick...results when sugar is crystallized out of sugar cane or sugar beet juice. Molasses is sold both for human consumption, to be used in baking, and in the...
|
|
molasses
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
molasses sugar byproduct, the brownish liquid...commercial sugar) in the process of refining. Molasses contains chiefly the uncrystallizable...sucrose. Centrifuges are used to drain the molasses off from the sucrose crystals. Molasses...
|
|
|
Molasses Act
Dictionary entry from: Dictionary of American History
MOLASSES ACT MOLASSES ACT, a British law put into effect on 25 December 1733, laid prohibitive duties of six pence per gallon on molasses, nine pence per gallon on rum, and five shillings for every one hundred...
|
|
Molasses Act of 1733
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History
MOLASSES ACT OF 1733 In an ongoing effort to control commerce...American colonies, the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733. It imposed heavy duties on any molasses, sugar, or rum imported by the colonies from non...
|
