water balance
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
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2005
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© A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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water balance The balance between intake and excretion of fluids. Average daily intakes are: as drinks, 1–1.5 L; as aqueous part of food, 0.5 L; and formed in the body by oxidation of foodstuffs (
metabolic water), 300–500 mL; total 2–3 L. Losses from the lungs, 400–500 mL; through the skin 400–500 mL; in faeces 80–100 mL; in urine 1–1.8 L.
Total body water is 40–44 L, as: blood plasma, 2–3 L; extracellular fluid (between cells), 10 L; and intracellular fluid (within cells), 27–30 L. The kidneys control the volume of extracellular water by excreting water. Ingestion of sodium chloride (
salt) raises the
osmotic pressure of the extracellular water, causing thirst.
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