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protein
protein
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
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2005
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© A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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protein All living tissues contain proteins; they are polymers of
amino acids, joined by
peptide bonds. The name was coined by the Dutch chemist Gerard Johann
Mulder (1838) meaning ‘of the first importance’. There are twenty main amino acids in proteins, and any one protein may contain several hundred or over a thousand amino acids, so an enormous variety of different proteins occur in nature, i.e. in foods and our bodies.
Generally a polymer of relatively few amino acids is referred to as a peptide (e.g. di‐, tri‐, and tetrapeptides); oligopeptides contain up to about 50 amino acids; larger molecules are polypeptides or proteins.
The sequence of the amino acids in a protein determines its overall structure and function: many proteins are
enzymes; others are structural (e.g.
collagen in connective tissue and
keratin in hair and nails); many
hormones are polypeptides.
Proteins are constituents of all living cells and are dietary essentials. Chemically they are distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and sometimes phosphorus.
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PROTEINS IN PARALLEL
Magazine article from: The Scientist; 1/31/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Composed of grids of proteins or protein domains, these arrays...binding between the probe protein and the bound proteins, though function arrays...expression arrays can monitor protein expression for hundreds of proteins on a single chip, there...
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Protein for active men: find out how NITRO-Tech is revolutionizing the way people all across America are supplementing with protein!(Product Announcement)
Magazine article from: Men's Fitness; 7/1/2002; 700+ words
; ...with it for years, knowledge of proper protein supplementation is a must. Without it...potential. However, how is one to know which protein supplement to buy? First, you have to look at protein content. Is the supplement made with the...
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Protein cycling: implement this cutting-edge protein strategy for improved muscle gains.(NUTRITION)
Magazine article from: Flex; 5/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; "Take in a gram of protein per pound of bodyweight each day...raise the bar, consuming much more protein than that. Some take in as much as...recommendation. Does increasing your protein above the baseline result in greater...
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Protein storage bodies and vacuoles
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 4/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...accumulation of storage proteins. Storage proteins accumulate primarily in the protein storage vacuoles (PSVs...cells and promote storage protein accumulation in specific organelles. All storage proteins are initially synthesized...
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Protein ingredients for health and texture: a variety of soy, dairy and egg proteins are available for the food formulator. By understanding the influence of the environment on the protein, the optimum product can be obtained.(ingredient challenges)
Magazine article from: Prepared Foods; 2/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...categories of protein (and peptides) include bovine milk proteins, casein hydrolysates...lactoferrin, milk protein concentrate and...the chart "Soy Protein's Functional Characteristics...ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Proteins from other sources...
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Protein power
Magazine article from: Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness; 10/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...not all dietary protein becomes building...or that some proteins are minimally absorbed...the most of it. Protein 101 Proteins are made up of...indicates their protein has a good balance...Animal-based proteins from eggs, milk...
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Protein fortification of acidic beverages: a clear opportunity.(Soft drinks)
Magazine article from: Food Engineering & Ingredients; 4/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...conducted using whey protein, there is some...evidence that soy proteins can perform just...promoting muscle protein synthesis and...consumption of proteins of different origins...considering soy protein, its consumption...
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Proteins Take on New Roles in Malaria Parasite.
News Wire article from: Ascribe Higher Education News Service; 11/2/2005; 700+ words
; ...jobs. By comparing proteins in different organisms...can identify each protein within cellular...explained the value of protein network analysis: "If you know certain proteins are involved in...interacting with those proteins are also involved...Suthram put it: "Protein interaction ...
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PROTEIN POWDERS and SUPPLEMENTS: Do athletes need them?
Magazine article from: Palaestra; 9/22/2000; 700+ words
; * "Which brand of protein shake is best to gain weight?" * "How many protein shakes should I drink in a day?" * "Is designer protein better than, let's say, chicken...?" Active people have lots of questions about protein, protein...
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Protein aggregate myopathies
Magazine article from: Neurology India; 7/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...surfaces for protein-protein interactions. In...correctly folded proteins, which are either...against misfolded proteins. Protein aggregate myopathies...respective mutant proteins play a crucial role in protein aggregation, perhaps...
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Protein Export
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
...anchor. Anchoring of the protein to the membrane is assisted by the action of two proteins. One of these proteins...between a newly made precursor protein and a complex of several proteins. The protein complex is referred to as...
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Proteins
Encyclopedia entry from: UXL Encyclopedia of Science
...only one small part of a protein molecule. Most proteins are very large molecules...of amino acids in the protein. All proteins have at least two more...biological properties of the protein. For example, some proteins can be used as medicines...
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Protein Targeting
Book article from: Biology
...Knowing how newly synthesized proteins target within cells is essential for understanding protein function. Proteins are synthesized either...Nobel Prize for his work on protein targeting. All other proteins that target to intracellular...
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protein
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...arranged in specific order for a given species of protein. Types of Proteins A protein molecule that consists of but a single polypeptide...as actin and myosin , the contractile muscle proteins. Protein Structure Every protein molecule has a characteristic...
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Proteins and Enzymes
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
...form peptides and proteins. Conventionally, the term protein is used to designate...Every enzyme is also a protein. Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts...of connecting one protein to another. Some proteins of such signaling...
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