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folic acid

A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition | 2005 | | © A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

folic acid A vitamin that functions as a carrier of one‐carbon units in a variety of metabolic reactions. Essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines (and so for nucleic acid synthesis and hence cell division); the principal deficiency disease is megaloblastic anaemia, due to failure of the normal maturation of red blood cells, with release into the circulation of immature precursor cells. Occurs in foods in various forms, of which probably about half is nutritionally useful. Rich sources include liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables, and yeast.

The reference intake is 200 μg/day (UK and EU), 400 μg dietary folate equivalents (USA/Canada). Supplements of 400 μg free folic acid per day, beginning before conception, reduces the incidence of spina bifida and other neural tube defects in babies; it is unlikely that ordinary foods could provide this much folate. High intakes of folate also lower plasma homocysteine, and may be proective against heart disease. Since 1998 cereal products are, by law, fortified with folic acid in the USA and a number of other countries.

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