SHELTA
Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
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1998
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© Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. (Hide copyright information)
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SHELTA, also Shelter, Shelteroch, Sheldru. An
ARGOT, derived from
IRISH GAELIC, used by travelling people (
tinkers) in Ireland and Britain. Many of its words are disguised through such techniques as
BACK SLANG (such as
gop kiss, from Irish
póg) and altering the initial sounds of words (as in
gather father, from Irish
athair). The name appears not now to be used by its speakers, who call it
Gammon,
Tarri, or simple
the Cant (compare
CANT). It has also been referred to as
Bog Latin,
Tinkers' Cant, and
the Ould Thing. There are two divisions,
Gaelic Shelta (in Ireland and Scotland) and
English Shelta (in England and Wales); although the influence of English in the latter is increasing, the varieties share a common core of some 2,000–3,000 Irish-derived words.
American Travellers' Cant was originally also Shelta but is now largely Anglicized. BrE slang may have absorbed from Shelta such words as
gammy lame (from
gyamyath, Irish
cam) and
monicker name (from
munnik, Irish
ainm). English Shelta uses Irish-derived words in English syntax (as in
I korbed him so hard I broke his pi I hit him so hard I broke his head) with Irish syntactic influence shown in some constructions (such as
Have you the feen's dorah nyocked? Did you take the man's bread?)
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