LANGUAGE SHIFT
Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
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1998
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© Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. (Hide copyright information)
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LANGUAGE SHIFT. A term in
LINGUISTICS for a massive shift in use from one language to another, as in Ireland from
GAELIC to English (18–20c). In 1964, the US linguist Joshua A. Fishman introduced the dual notion
language maintenance and language shift (
LMLS) to discuss the situation of ‘the minority language or small national language faced by pressures related to a much bigger national or international language’. To the latter, of which English is the pre-eminent example, he has given the name
language of wider communication (
LWC).
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Meiosis specific coiled-coil proteins in Shizosaccharomyces pombe.(Review)
Magazine article from: Cell Division; 5/18/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...corresponding author) [1] Background Meiosis, a fundamental biological phenomenon...mechanism of meiotic regulation because meiosis can be induced from a mitotic cell simply...after which their nuclei fuse and undergo meiosis. After a single round of DNA replication...
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Progression through Meiosis I and Meiosis II in Arabidopsis Anthers Is Regulated by an A-Type Cyclin Predominately Expressed in Prophase I1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; Meiosis is often described as a special case of cell division...molecular mechanisms underlie these special features of meiosis. We previously reported that the tardy asynchronous meiosis (tam) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana...
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Onset of meiosis in the chicken embryo; evidence of a role for retinoic acid.(Research article)(Report)
Magazine article from: BMC Developmental Biology; 9/17/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...female gonad enter the early stages of meiosis during embryonic life, arresting at prophase...that germ cells of either sex can enter meiosis if they migrate to ectopic sites such...observations was that germ cells enter meiosis cell-autonomously if they do not become...
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The Arabidopsis-mei2-Like Genes Play a Role in Meiosis and Vegetative Growth in Arabidopsis(W)
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 3/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...gene, which is a master regulator of meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and encodes...AML genes to assess their role in plant meiosis and development. All five AML genes were...alleles revealed a role for the AML genes in meiosis, with RNAi lines and specific multiple...
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Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-like gene essential for meiosis in arabidopsis
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 3/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...segregation of chromosomes are central to meiosis and sexual reproduction. The synl mutation...and pairing beginning at leptonema of meiosis I. Fragmentation of the chromosomes was...chromosome condensation and pairing during both meiosis and mitosis. INTRODUCTION The normal...
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Reconstruction of the kinetochore: a prelude to meiosis.(Review)(Clinical report)
Magazine article from: Cell Division; 6/6/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...frameworks is observed during the transition from mitosis to meiosis. Meiosis is a process that produces haploid gametes from parental...chromosome segregation. A characteristic feature of meiosis is the behavior of sister chromatids in the first division...
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The Ama1-Directed Anaphase-Promoting Complex Regulates the Smk1 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase During Meiosis in Yeast
Magazine article from: Genetics; 11/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ABSTRACT Smk1 is a meiosis-specific MAPK homolog in Saccharomyces...defined. Here we show that Ama1, a meiosis-specific activator of the anaphase...promotes Smk1 activation during meiosis. A weakened allele of CDC28 suppresses...
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Cohesin and Recombination Proteins Influence the G^sub 1^-to-S Transition in Azygotic Meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Magazine article from: Genetics; 10/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...sub 1^-to-S transition is proposed. Finally, differences between azygotic meiosis and two other types of fission yeast meiosis (zygotic and pat1-114 meiosis) are discussed with respect to possible control steps in meiotic G^sub 1...
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The Arabidopsis male meiocyte death(1) gene encodes a PHD-finger protein that is required for male meiosis
Magazine article from: Plant Cell; 6/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...reproductive development requires normal meiosis, which involved several highly coordinated...mutations that affect different aspects of meiosis have been characterized in plants, very...is known about the regulation of plant meiosis at the molecular level. In particular...
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First sex chromosome gene involved in meiosis, male infertility identified
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 3/15/2008; 700+ words
; ...kind to link a particular sex chromosome meiosis-specific gene to sterility. The TEX11...men. The study also reports the first meiosis-specific factor ever found on the X chromosome. Meiosis is a cell division process that produces...
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Meiosis
Book article from: Biology
Meiosis Meiosis is the two-step series of specialized cell divisions that makes sexual reproduction possible. Meiosis produces haploid cells, which contain just one member of every chromosome...
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meiosis
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
meiosis , process of nuclear division in a living...is reduced to half the original number. Meiosis occurs only in the process of gametogenesis...nuclei, one from each of the sex cells, meiosis is necessary to prevent the doubling of...
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MEIOSIS
Book article from: Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language
MEIOSIS [Stress: ‘my-OH-sis’]. In RHETORIC , a kind of understatement that dismisses or belittles, especially...
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Algae
Book article from: Biology
...are three types of sexual life cycles, which involve at some stage the fusion of gametes : gametic meiosis , zygotic meiosis, and sporic meiosis. Gametic Meiosis. In the gametic meiosis life cycle (which is employed by humans), meiosis produces...
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Cell Division
Book article from: Animal Sciences
...functions listed above; the process of meiosis forms gametes. Cellular division has...inside the nucleus by either mitosis or meiosis. Second, the cytoplasm (the rest of...cell, and two identical cells result. Meiosis Meiosis is the process of cellular division...
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