Research topic:Hawaii

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HAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH

Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language | 1998 | | © Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

HAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH, also Hawaii English Creole. An English-based CREOLE that developed for communication among a mixed population on plantations in Hawaii, a continuum from a low-status BASILECT to a high-status ACROLECT that has de-creolized. It retains features from the PIDGIN stage, such as the use of bambai (by and by: compare TOK PISIN baimbai) to mark future and hypothetical events: Mai fada dem wen kam ova hia; bambai de wen muv tu Kawai My father and the others came over here; then they moved to Kauai. The use of wen to mark the simple past is a more recent form taken from went. There is another, older form bin from been (compare Tok Pisin bin), as in A bin go see mai fada I went to see my father. Currently, many speakers use the English past tense auxiliary had. The use of dem (them) to mark plurals, as in Stan-dem Stan and the others, is found in other English-based creoles: for example, JAMAICAN CREOLE Jan dem John and the others.

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TOM McARTHUR. "HAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 9 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

TOM McARTHUR. "HAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (November 9, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O29-HAWAIICREOLEENGLISH.html

TOM McARTHUR. "HAWAII CREOLE ENGLISH." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Retrieved November 09, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O29-HAWAIICREOLEENGLISH.html

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