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The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

in-2 repr. L. in-, cogn. and synon. with Gr. a(n)- A-4 and Gmc. *un- UN-1, as in fēlix happy/infēlix unhappy, nocēns hurtful/innocēns innocent; in earlier L. the pref. retained its n, but later this was assim. to l, m, r (see IL-2, IM-2, IR-2); before g it was reduced to i-, as in ignōrāre ignore. In a few OF. words this in- became en-, e.g. L. inimīcus, OF. enemi enemy, L. invidia, OF. envie envy; but most F. words containing this pref. are of learned orig. and retain in- (il-, etc.).

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